Abstract

Patterns of DNA methylation and chromatin structure are profoundly altered in neoplasia and include genome-wide losses of, and regional gains in, DNA methylation. The recent explosion in our knowledge of how chromatin organization modulates gene transcription has further highlighted the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in the initiation and progression of human cancer. These epigenetic changes — in particular, aberrant promoter hypermethylation that is associated with inappropriate gene silencing — affect virtually every step in tumour progression. In this review, we discuss these epigenetic events and the molecular alterations that might cause them and/or underlie altered gene expression in cancer.

Author affiliations

1. USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, MS 8302L, Los Angeles, California 90089-9181, USA.
2. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Oncology and Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1650 East Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.

Correspondence to: Peter A. Jones¹ Email: jones_p@ccnt.hsc.usc.edu

Correspondence to: Stephen B. Baylin² Email: sbaylin@jhmi.edu