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There continues to be active debate about the timings, locations and details of various events in human population history. This Review describes how whole-genome sequencing of modern and ancient humans has complemented more traditional methods to provide valuable historical insights.
The cellular transcription, mRNA processing and export machineries seem to have co-evolved to allow spatiotemporal coupling of these processes. Here, the author reviews recent insights into the relative amount of co-transcriptional and post-transcriptional processing, the relationship between mRNA elongation and processing, and the regulating role of the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II.
Genomic approaches are an increasingly important aspect of speciation research. The authors review recent insights from speciation genomics and propose a roadmap for this field, which is aimed at addressing both long-standing and emerging questions about speciation.
Recent advances in bioinformatics, proteomics and high-throughput analyses of translation have begun to uncover short open reading frames (sORFs) with coding potential. This Review considers unifying characteristics of these sORFs, methods to identify them and potential functions of the resultant short peptides.
Ribosome profiling is a recently developed technique that uses deep sequencing to study translationin vivo. This approach has provided new insights into the identities and amounts of proteins produced by cells, as well as into the mechanism of protein synthesis itself.
