Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
Mild autonomous cortisol secretion from benign adrenocortical adenomas (usually diagnosed incidentally) is associated with cardiometabolic risk and other comorbidities, but without the signs of overt Cushing syndrome. This Review outlines the mechanisms, complications and comorbidities, diagnosis and management of mild autonomous cortisol secretion.
This article reviews advances in incretin-based pharmacotherapy, including the latest glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists (GLP1RAs), ‘GLP1 plus’ agents, which combine the benefits of these agonists with the activity of additional hormones, and oral GLP1RAs, which promise to extend the benefits of GLP1 therapy.
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an effective tool in the management of diabetes mellitus. This Perspective discusses the potential benefits of widespread adoption of CGM in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus at different stages of disease progression and treatment intensification.
This Review summarizes cellular processes and regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), discussing evidence from in vivo preclinical and human studies. PTP1B inhibitors, which are being developed for type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, rare diseases (such as Rett syndrome) and some cancers, are also discussed.
Alzheimer disease has a sex bias: women are twice as likely as men to be affected. Studies have linked elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels to worsened Alzheimer disease pathology and cognitive decline in mice. Exploring the interaction of FSH with APOE4 has uncovered new aspects of Alzheimer disease. The therapeutic potential of FSH and gonadotropin-releasing hormone have also been highlighted.
The acid-labile subunit (ALS) of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein complex regulates the endocrine transport and bioavailability of IGF-1 and IGF-2 and therefore influences postnatal growth and metabolism. This Review addresses the endocrine physiology and pathology of ALS, discusses the emerging cellular roles for ALS and outlines its involvement in disease states.
The skeleton is a metabolically active organ, with bone formation and maintenance relying on highly anabolic, nutrient-consuming processes. Here, the authors describe the current understanding of fuel selection and intermediary metabolic pathways in bone cells during bone formation and discuss how metabolic dysfunction can contribute to skeletal disease.
This Review discusses the effect of antibiotic-induced perturbations of the gut microbiome on host metabolic health. The authors outline factors that might influence the response to antibiotic use and highlight prebiotic strategies that could improve microbial composition and modulate microbial recovery.
Applying a uniform reference range across all adults for serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones makes establishing a diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction challenging and could lead to potentially unnecessary treatment. For the results of thyroid function tests to be meaningful, the reference ranges should reflect individual variation in thyroid function.
A new study by Reverte-Salisa and colleagues identifies a molecular mechanism through which the cAMP-mediating protein EPAC1 controls the size of brown and beige adipose tissue. This finding opens the door for the development of pharmacological interventions to prevent the decline of brown adipose tissue in obesity and ageing, and thereby improve metabolic health.
This Review highlights how cryo-electron microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) functions. Specific examples are outlined that provide insights into GPCR biology and drug discovery in endocrinology and metabolism.