Bone: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level modulates BMD response to dietary calcium | PDF (111 KB)
p181 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.6
Table of contents
April 2009 Vol 5 No 4
Free Sample Issue
Full text content of the April 2009 issue is freely available in both HTML and PDF formats.
Research Highlights
Bone: Teriparatide in sequential osteoporosis treatment | PDF (86 KB)
p182 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.15
In brief
Diabetes | Nutrition | Pituitary | Adrenal | PDF (55 KB)
p182 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.5
Diabetes: Salicylates increase insulin levels rather than insulin actions | PDF (53 KB)
p183 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.1
Correction
Generalized arterial calcification of infancy: treatment with bisphosphonates | PDF (47 KB)
p183 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.56
Diabetes: Basal insulin glargine decreases adolescent glycemic variability | PDF (78 KB)
p183 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.7
Procalcitonin assay shows promise | PDF (54 KB)
p184 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.14
Bone: Natural history of osteonecrosis of the jaw defined | PDF (66 KB)
p184 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.9
Pancreas: Pancreatic-head resection improves glucose control | PDF (493 KB)
p185 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.2
In brief
Reproductive endocrinology | Gastrointestinal hormones | Pediatric endocrinology | PDF (55 KB)
p185 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.8
Bone: Exposure to sunlight during pregnancy affects children's bone health | PDF (85 KB)
p186 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.12
Obesity: Pediatric overweight and obesity are underdiagnosed | PDF (61 KB)
p186 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.16
News and Views
Diabetes: GATTACA—are we there yet?
Jeremy B. M. Jowett
p187 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.45
In the past few years, new genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus have been identified in large-scale studies of genetic associations. But can their inclusion in clinically based risk models improve disease prediction?
Diabetes: Does aspirin use reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetes?
John A. Colwell
p188 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.44
The use of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is controversial. According to the findings of a Japanese trial, aspirin does not reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in this group of patients, unless they are aged 65 years and above.
Autoimmunity: Does celiac disease trigger autoimmune thyroiditis?
Leonidas H. Duntas
p190 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.46
Autoimmune thyroiditis has increased prevalence in patients with celiac disease and vice versa. New research suggests that serum transglutaminase 2 autoantibodies, which are present in patients with celiac disease, might have a role in the development of thyroid dysfunction.
Diabetes: Genes, diabetes and cardiovascular risk prediction
Stefano Del Prato
p192 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.47
A region of chromosome 9p21 is linked to an increased risk of coronary artery disease in the general population. Variants of the same allele might also affect risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, according to a new study.
Reviews
Patient-specific pluripotent stem cells: promises and challenges
Rouven Müller & Claudia Lengerke
p195 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.18
The discovery of human embryonic stem cells raised hopes that cell-based therapies would soon become widely available. However, ethical concerns have limited their clinical use. An alternative approach is to reprogram adult somatic cells to a pluripotent state. The pros and cons of generating pluripotent stem cells for clinical applications are discussed.
Erythropoietic stress and anemia in diabetes mellitus
Dhruv K. Singh, Peter Winocour & Ken Farrington
p204 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.17
Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus can lead to erythropoietic stress and subsequent anemia, which might contribute to diabetes-related complications. The authors of this Review discuss the various causes of diabetes-related anemia and current guidelines on its correction, and emphasize the role of screening and monitoring for this preventable condition in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Novel insights into thyroid hormones from the study of common genetic variation
Colin M. Dayan & Vijay Panicker
p211 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.19
Studies of common genetic variants have yielded new insights into the actions of thyroid hormones and highlighted the importance of local regulation of thyroid hormones in tissues. The authors describe genetic polymorphisms that are related to the thyroid hormone pathway and discuss the influence of these polymorphisms on various biological systems.
The role of inflammation in insulitis and 
-cell loss in type 1 diabetes
Décio L. Eizirik, Maikel L. Colli & Fernanda Ortis
p219 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.21
Innate immunity and inflammatory mediators have been suggested to have a much broader role in type 1 diabetes mellitus than initially assumed. Inflammation might contribute to early induction and amplification of the immune assault against pancreatic 
-cells and, at later stages, to the stabilization and maintenance of insulitis. This review summarizes the latest findings that demonstrate the role of inflammation in the different phases of the course of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Case Study
Evaluation of a child for secondary causes of obesity and comorbidities
Robert E. Kramer & Stephen R. Daniels
p227 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.20
Childhood obesity is a serious public health concern. This Case Study discusses the evaluation and treatment of a child with obesity. The article details how careful assessment can exclude genetic causes of obesity in most children and outlines how children without genetic causes of the condition can benefit from individualized lifestyle modification programs.
