Diabetes: Pencil-and-paper risk-scoring systems for the prediction of incident diabetes | PDF (98 KB)
p523 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.157
Table of contents
October 2009 Vol 5 No 10
Research Highlights
Vertebroplasty vs kyphoplasty | PDF (46 KB)
p524 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.158
Cancer: Stratification of patients with GEP NET tumors | PDF (114 KB)
p524 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.159
Obesity: Can genetic susceptibility to obesity be overcome? | PDF (119 KB)
p525 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.171
In brief
Bone | Obesity | Diabetes | Bone | PDF (46 KB)
p525 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.172
Thyroid: Thyroid status not linked to risk of CHD | PDF (184 KB)
p526 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.161
In brief
Reproduction | Cancer | Reproduction | PDF (46 KB)
p526 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.173
Screening: Chromosomal aberrations in patients with benign, sporadic pheochromocytomas | PDF (52 KB)
p527 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.162
Metabolic bone diseases: Improving strength and balance helps prevent falls | PDF (52 KB)
p527 | doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2009.154
Obesity: Weight-loss surgery reduces cancer risk in patients with obesity | PDF (53 KB)
p528 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.164
Nutrition: Fish consumption decreases, whereas meat consumption increases, dementia risk | PDF (100 KB)
p528 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.165
News and Views
Diabetes: Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes: a worrying trend
Ronald C. W. Ma & Juliana C. N. Chan
p529 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.180
Much attention has focused on the increasing prevalence of childhood type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, considerable evidence suggests that the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus is also increasing. The results of a multicenter registration study from Europe confirm this alarming trend, which has important health-care implications.
Cancer: QTNM: a simplified TNM or just another staging system?
Brian H. H. Lang & Chung-Yau Lo
p531 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.181
Numerous risk-group stratification, staging and scoring systems exist to stratify patients with differentiated thyroid cancer into prognostic risk groups that guide patient management decisions. The tumor–node–metastasis staging system is the most widely adopted despite its relative complexity, but could a simplified, quantitative alternative to the system provide superior prognostic value?
Diabetes: Hypoglycemia and dementia in type 2 diabetes: chick or egg?
Geert Jan Biessels
p532 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.182
Diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive decrements and alterations on brain imaging. However, important questions remain concerning risk factors and mechanisms for cerebral damage in patients with this condition. Data from two new studies shed new light on the relationship between hypoglycemia and cognitive dysfunction in older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Nutrition: US recommendations fail to correct vitamin D deficiency
Bruce W. Hollis
p534 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.178
Vitamin D deficiency is widespread among women with breast cancer. Guidelines currently recommend daily supplementation with 400 IU vitamin D3; however, attainment of a circulating level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D defined as sufficient (that is, 
75 nmol/l) might not be possible with this level of supplementation, according to data published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
Reviews
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial: the gift that keeps giving
Eric S. Kilpatrick, Alan S. Rigby & Stephen L. Atkin
p537 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.179
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) was a landmark study that evaluated intensive versus conventional insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus; the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study continues to follow the same cohort of patients. Many of the key contributions that the DCCT and EDIC have made to our understanding of type 1 diabetes mellitus are discussed by the authors of this Review.
Somatostatin analog and pegvisomant combination therapy for acromegaly
Sebastian J. C. Neggers & Aart Jan van der Lely
p546 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.175
Biochemical control cannot be achieved by the use of somatostatin analogs alone in a large number of patients with acromegaly. Combination therapy with somatostatin analogs and the growth-hormone-receptor antagonist pegvisomant is, however, highly effective at normalizing levels of insulin-like growth factor I. In this Review, the efficacy and safety of somatostatin analog–pegvisomant combination therapy as a potential tool for the medical management of patients with acromegaly is discussed.
Influence of menopause on diabetes and diabetes risk
Emily D. Szmuilowicz, Cynthia A. Stuenkel & Ellen W. Seely
p553 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.166
Very little is known about how the changes in body composition that occur around the time of menopause might affect subsequent risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus, as well as the management of pre-existing disease, in postmenopausal women. Here, Emily D. Szmuilowicz and colleagues discuss the potential relationship between menopause, diabetes mellitus and the use of postmenopausal hormone therapy.
Aromatase deficiency in men: a clinical perspective
Vincenzo Rochira & Cesare Carani
p559 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.176
Aromatase deficiency is an extremely rare syndrome that is characterized by congenital estrogen deprivation. Early diagnosis is a key consideration, and estrogen therapy should be initiated as soon after puberty as possible in order to avoid the skeletal complications associated with this disorder. Here, Rochira and Carani review the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of aromatase deficiency in men.
The genetic and molecular basis of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Suzy D. C. Bianco & Ursula B. Kaiser
p569 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.177
Mutations in a number of genes have been identified in patients as the primary genetic cause of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. These genes encode proteins that regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron development, migration from the nasal placode to the hypothalamus, GnRH secretion or GnRH action. This Review discusses genes associated with hypogonadotropic disorders and the molecular mechanisms by which mutations in these genes may result in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
Case Study
A case of diabetic Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle
John M. Embil & Elly Trepman
p577 | doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.174
Charcot arthropathy of the neuropathic foot and ankle is characterized by bone and joint destruction and deformities that may lead to ulcer, soft tissue infection, osteomyelitis and amputation. This article reviews the evaluation and treatment of this condition, highlighted by a clinical case of a man with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had Charcot collapse of the longitudinal arch, rocker bottom deformity and plantar ulcer.
