Key Points
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Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligomers of glucose that have a significant number of applications in the pharmaceutical industries.
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Water-soluble cyclodextrins can form inclusion complexes with small molecules and portions of large compounds that have limited aqueous solubility to provide improved bioavailability of drugs.
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Here, we outline the structures and properties of the most relevant cyclodextrins for pharmaceutical applications, review the history of cyclodextrin use and describe several possibilities for future applications, review the history of cyclodextrin-containing polymers and end with a discussion on the use of cyclodextrin-containing materials for gene delivery.
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Cyclodextrins and materials containing cyclodextrins are likely to find increasing usage in a growing diversity of pharmaceutical application, most notably those involving macromolecular therapeutics.
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligomers of glucose that can form water-soluble inclusion complexes with small molecules and portions of large compounds. These biocompatible, cyclic oligosaccharides do not elicit immune responses and have low toxicities in animals and humans. Cyclodextrins are used in pharmaceutical applications for numerous purposes, including improving the bioavailability of drugs. Current cyclodextrin-based therapeutics are described and possible future applications discussed. Cyclodextrin-containing polymers are reviewed and their use in drug delivery presented. Of specific interest is the use of cyclodextrin-containing polymers to provide unique capabilities for the delivery of nucleic acids.
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M.E.D. is a consultant to, and has financial interests in, Insert Therapeutics, Inc.
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DATABASES
Entrez Gene
OMIM
Glossary
- α-1,4- AND α-1,6- GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGES
-
The D-glucopyranoside unit contains six carbons and two of these units can be chemically linked from the 1-carbon of a unit to either the 4-carbon or the 6-carbon of the second unit.
- HYDROPHOBIC
-
An affinity for, and propensity to dissolve in, non-polar solvents such as hydrocarbons.
- HYDROPHILIC
-
An affinity for, and propensity to dissolve in, water and other polar solvents.
- WETTABILITY
-
The wettability of a liquid is defined as the contact angle between a droplet of the liquid in thermal equilibrium on a horizontal surface.
- LOG P
-
The logarithm of the partition coefficient of a substance in octanol–water.
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Davis, M., Brewster, M. Cyclodextrin-based pharmaceutics: past, present and future. Nat Rev Drug Discov 3, 1023–1035 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd1576
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd1576