TABLE 2 Staging system of the National Wilms' Tumour Study.
From the following article:
Current challenges in Wilms' tumor management
Lyndon M Gommersall, Manit Arya, Imran Mushtaq and Patrick Duffy
BACK TO ARTICLE| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| I | Tumor limited to the kidney and completely excised. The renal capsule is intact and the tumor was not ruptured before removal. There is no residual tumor. |
| II | Tumor extends through the perirenal capsule but is completely excised. There may be local spillage of tumor confined to the flank, or the tumor may have been biopsied. Extrarenal vessels may contain tumor thrombus or may be infiltrated by the tumor. |
| III | Residual nonhematogenous tumor confined to the abdomen; lymph-node involvement, diffuse peritoneal spillage, peritoneal implants, either gross or microscopic tumor beyond the surgical margin, or tumor not completely removed. |
| IV | Hematogenous metastases to lung, liver, bone, brain or other organ. |
| V | Bilateral renal involvement at diagnosis. |
