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The standard of adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer is still evolving. This is because different combinations of cytotoxic therapies, including 5-FU, oxaliplatin and irinotecan, and biologic therapies, such as bevacizumab and cetuximab, are currently being evaluated. This Viewpoint focuses on the use of shorter durations of adjuvant treatment in order to limit toxicity.
The success of clinical trials in Wilms' tumor over the past 30 years has led to an overall survival of 85%, and treatment-related morbidity has been reduced with less aggressive chemotherapeutic regimens for patients with validated good prognostic factors, such as low stage and favorable histology. It is becoming increasingly apparent that treatment can be optimized through stratification of patients according to tumor stage and histology. This article discusses the most debated issues and advances that have been made in the management of Wilms' tumor.
The use of altered fractionation radiotherapy in conjunction with chemotherapy-enhanced radiotherapy has been investigated in an attempt to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The advantages and long-term complications of this approach are described, and the importance of treatment compliance and the enhancement of local-regional control for management of patients with locally advanced HNSCC are discussed, together with approaches to optimize concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Members of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway have recently been demonstrated to have a major role in cancer. Constitutive activation of the STAT family members Stat3 and Stat5, and/or loss of Stat1 signaling, is found in a large group of diverse tumors. STAT proteins can regulate many pathways important in oncogenesis including cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor-cell evasion of the immune system. This review highlights STAT signaling pathways, STAT target genes involved in cancer, evidence for STAT activation in human cancers, and therapeutic strategies to target STAT molecules for anticancer therapy.
