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The term 'cardiomyopathy' describes a group of diseases affecting the heart that are characterized by structural and functional abnormalities in the absence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and valvular or congenital heart conditions. Cardiomyopathies are important causes of sudden cardiac death among young individuals. This focus issue features two Perspectives articles and a Review article written by leading experts that highlight some of the mechanisms underlying two of the most prevalent cardiomyopathies: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiovascular disease. In this Review, Sen-Chowdhry et al. discuss the guideline recommendations for the evaluation and management of HCM, and provide a summary of the important advances in genetics, imaging, and molecular research on HCM.
Takotsubo syndrome is often thought to be the result of catecholamine-mediated myocardial stunning triggered by emotional or physiological stress. In this Perspectives article, Kastaun and colleagues discuss the latest studies evaluating the psychoneuroendocrinological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of Takotsubo syndrome.
In this Perspectives article, Ormerod et al. propose that dynamic left ventricular systolic dysfunction provoked by obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a manifestation of inefficient cardiac energy utilization. This mid-systolic drop in left ventricular Doppler ejection velocities has been termed the 'lobster claw abnormality'. Energy insufficiency is also present in nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and this paradigm might suggest novel therapies.