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Nucleophosmin (encoded byNPM1) is frequently overexpressed, mutated, rearranged and deleted in human cancer. NPM has many functions, so how does either the gain or loss of function of NPM activity contribute to tumorigenesis?
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) can function either within the tumour cell or through host–tumour cell interactions. The complex nature of TGFβ signalling and crosstalk in the tumour microenvironment presents unique challenges and opportunities to develop therapeutic intervention strategies.
Nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthases are ubiquitous in malignant tumours, and have both pro- and anti-tumour effects. This review summarizes the current understanding of the function of NO in tumour progression and discusses potential NO-based strategies for cancer treatment.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) kills tumour cells by apoptosis and/or necrosis, and is thought to stimulate an anti-tumour immune response. How important is this inflammatory response to the efficacy of PDT?
The effectiveness of anticancer therapies depends on other medications, food and/or herbal supplements being taken by the patient. This is because of interactions that occur at various stages of drug processing, through pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic mechanisms.
Immunotoxins are potent bacterial toxins fused to antibodies that bind tumour-specific antigens, and can dramatically improve the clinical utility of some anti-tumour antibodies. This review describes the construction and efficacy of several recombinant immunotoxins, using results from recent clinical trials.
What are the challenges in bringing cancer biomarkers to market? Steven Gutman and Larry Kessler, both of whom work at the US Food and Drugs Administration, share their views and expertise.
