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Most of our current knowledge of melanoma is derived from the study of patients from populations of European descent, for whom public health, sun protection initiatives and screening measures have appreciably decreased disease mortality. Notably, some melanoma subtypes that most commonly develop in other populations are not associated with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, suggesting a different disease aetiology. Further study of these subtypes is necessary to understand their risk factors and genomic architecture, and to tailor therapies and public health campaigns to benefit patients of all ethnic groups.
To advance preclinical research, two groups have developed mouse models of metastatic colorectal cancer using the transplantation of engineered organoids.
Pittet and collaborators show that macrophages can remove anti-PD1 antibodies from T cells, blunting their response, whereas Weissman and colleagues demonstrate that macrophages also express PD1 on their surface, which impairs their phagocytic activity.
Giustacchini, Thongjuea,et al. have developed a method to sensitively detect somatic mutations and analyze whole transcriptomes of the same single cell. Application of this technique to chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patient samples revealed heterogeneous CML stem cell populations with likely roles in CML progression and resistance to therapy.
This Review summarizes developments in the imaging ofin vivoanticancer drug action, with a focus on microscopy approaches at the single-cell level and translational lessons for the clinic.
Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) transposable elements are active in the human genome. In this Review, Burns describes how the retrotransposition activity of LINE-1 in cancer genomes can result in somatically acquired insertions that mark evolving tumour clones.
This Review describes our current understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype in myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) and discusses how this knowledge could be used to inform strategies to develop more effective treatments and improve clinical success.
