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SMAD4-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) with impaired transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling initiate a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent signalling pathway that leads to increased stromal stiffening and aggressive disease.
Kauret al. show that in older patients, fibroblasts in the melanoma microenvironment produce the WNT–β-catenin inhibitor secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2), which increases oxidative stress in melanoma cells, driving metastasis and therapeutic resistance.
Paeket al. report that the level of p53 required to induce apoptosis in human colon cancer cells increases with time following treatment with DNA damage-inducing agents.
The small-molecule inhibitor rigosertib acts as a RAS mimetic — by disrupting the association of RAS with RAF and other effector proteins, it inactivates RAS downstream signalling.
This Review proposes evolutionary models of tumour progression for melanomas on sun-exposed skin by integrating genetic, epidemiological, clinical and histopathological information.
The interplay between cellular signalling pathways and chromatin modifications adds another layer of complexity to the already complex regulation of the epigenome. This Review discusses how signalling connections to epigenetics contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of neoplasia.
This Review summarizes progress in our understanding of the mechanisms by which different bone cell types support tumour cell dormancy and reactivation, and highlights new therapeutic approaches to control dormancy and bone metastasis by targeting the bone microenvironment.
This Review discusses the mechanisms underlying 'hot-spot' translocations, which frequently occur in human lymphomas. Discussion of the role of activation-induced deaminase (AID) and the recombination activating gene (RAG) complex provides insights into these mechanisms. Some aspects may also apply to translocations that occur in non-lymphoid neoplasms.
Nerve invasion frequently occurs in tumours and has traditionally been viewed as a passive process; however, recent studies have revealed active migration of cancer cells along axons (neural tracking). This Opinion article describes possible molecular mechanisms of neural tracking.
