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Gundemet al. sequenced a series of primary tumours and matched metastases from patients with metastatic prostate cancer; they showed that metastases are often seeded by multiple clones and that there are multiple paths of metastatic spreading.
The BRG1 catalytic subunit of the chromatin remodelling SWI/SNF complex has context-dependent functions during different stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia, and bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitors might be therapeutically beneficial in this subtype of pancreatic cancer.
Two papers report on the preclinical efficacy of targeting the menin–MLL interaction in MLL-translocation-associated leukaemias and in prostate cancer.
Petersonet al. report that basal cell carcinomas primarily arise from stem cells within hair follicle and touch dome epithelia, and that cutaneous nerves promote tumorigenesis.
The efficacy of dendritic cell vaccines can be improved in patients with glioblastoma by pre-conditioning the vaccine site with the tetanus/diphtheria toxoid.
This Review discusses the mechanisms underlying resistance to aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy of patients with oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, and also assesses the possible therapeutic options for overcoming AI resistance.
DNA damage can result in replication stress, which is a source of genome instability and a feature of cancer cells. Revealing the molecular basis of replication stress is crucial to the understanding of tumorigenesis and may provide potential targets for cancer therapy.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a cancer predisposition syndrome, and somaticNF1 mutations are also common in tumours. The neurofibromin protein (encoded by NF1) is a RAS GTPase-activating protein that activates RAS–MAPK signalling when lost. This Review discusses NF1 disease, neurofibromin signalling pathways and recent developments in NF1 therapeutics.
Heterogeneous expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in glioblastoma poses an important challenge for the effective use of EGFR-targeted therapies. In this Opinion article, Furnariet al. highlight the possible mechanisms underlying EGFR heterogeneity, and the importance in understanding these mechanisms to improve treatment outcome in glioblastoma.
In this Viewpoint article, three scientists give their opinions on the generation and uses of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and the future of this field.
