Nature Reviews Cancer http://www.nature.com/nrc/current_issue/ Nature Publishing Group en © 2009 Nature Publishing Group Nature Reviews Cancer 1474-175X © 2009 Nature Publishing Group permissions@nature.com Nature Reviews Cancer http://www.nature.com/includes/rj_globnavimages/nrc_logo.gif http://www.nature.com/nrc/ Breast cancer: Metastasis on the brain http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2678 Breast cancer metastasis to the brain typically occurs after metastasis to other organs, possibly because the metastasizing cells must be capable of not only general extravasation but also of passing through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Using gene expression analysis of breast cancer cells that exhibit Breast cancer: Metastasis on the brain

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 460 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2678

Author: Sarah Seton-Rogers

Breast cancer metastasis to the brain typically occurs after metastasis to other organs, possibly because the metastasizing cells must be capable of not only general extravasation but also of passing through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Using gene expression analysis of breast cancer cells that exhibit

]]> Breast cancer: Metastasis on the brain Sarah Seton-Rogers doi:10.1038/nrc2678 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 460 (2009) 2009-06-11 Nature Reviews Cancer 2009-06-11 9 7 Research Highlight 460 461 Epigenetics: Misreading the code http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2679 A new study has shown that the deregulation of histone methylation at loci that encode differentiation-specific transcription factors is oncogenic, suggesting that misinterpretation of the histone code could be an important mechanism in cancer.Plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers are evolutionarily conserved protein modules that recognize Epigenetics: Misreading the code

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 461 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2679

Author: Meera Swami

A new study has shown that the deregulation of histone methylation at loci that encode differentiation-specific transcription factors is oncogenic, suggesting that misinterpretation of the histone code could be an important mechanism in cancer.Plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers are evolutionarily conserved protein modules that recognize

]]> Epigenetics: Misreading the code Meera Swami doi:10.1038/nrc2679 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 461 (2009) 2009-06-11 Nature Reviews Cancer 2009-06-11 9 7 Research Highlight 461 461 Breast cancer: A DEAR 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2680 Young women diagnosed with breast cancer tend to have a more aggressive disease than women diagnosed later in life. Discovering genes that lead to breast cancer in younger women is imperative if treatment is to improve. Ann McNeill Killary and colleagues have identified a potential Breast cancer: A DEAR 1

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 460 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2680

Author: Nicola McCarthy

Young women diagnosed with breast cancer tend to have a more aggressive disease than women diagnosed later in life. Discovering genes that lead to breast cancer in younger women is imperative if treatment is to improve. Ann McNeill Killary and colleagues have identified a potential

]]> Breast cancer: A DEAR 1 Nicola McCarthy doi:10.1038/nrc2680 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 460 (2009) 2009-06-11 Nature Reviews Cancer 2009-06-11 9 7 Research Highlight 460 461 Novel anticancer targets: revisiting ERBB2 and discovering ERBB3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2656 Aberrant receptor expression or functioning of the epidermal growth factor receptor (Erbb) family plays a crucial part in the development and evolution of cancer. Inhibiting the signalling activity of individual receptors in this family has advanced the treatment of a range of human cancers. In Novel anticancer targets: revisiting ERBB2 and discovering ERBB3

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 463 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2656

Authors: José Baselga & Sandra M. Swain

Aberrant receptor expression or functioning of the epidermal growth factor receptor (Erbb) family plays a crucial part in the development and evolution of cancer. Inhibiting the signalling activity of individual receptors in this family has advanced the treatment of a range of human cancers. In

]]> Novel anticancer targets: revisiting ERBB2 and discovering ERBB3 José Baselga Sandra M. Swain doi:10.1038/nrc2656 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 463 (2009) 2009-06-18 Nature Reviews Cancer 2009-06-18 9 7 Review 463 475 Genetic prognostic and predictive markers in colorectal cancer http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2645 Despite many studies of the likely survival outcome of individual patients with colorectal cancer, our knowledge of this subject remains poor. Until recently, we had virtually no understanding of individual responses to therapy, but the discovery of the KRAS mutation as a marker of probable Genetic prognostic and predictive markers in colorectal cancer

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 489 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2645

Authors: Axel Walther, Elaine Johnstone, Charles Swanton, Rachel Midgley, Ian Tomlinson & David Kerr

Despite many studies of the likely survival outcome of individual patients with colorectal cancer, our knowledge of this subject remains poor. Until recently, we had virtually no understanding of individual responses to therapy, but the discovery of the KRAS mutation as a marker of probable

]]> Genetic prognostic and predictive markers in colorectal cancer Axel Walther Elaine Johnstone Charles Swanton Rachel Midgley Ian Tomlinson David Kerr doi:10.1038/nrc2645 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 489 (2009) 2009-06-18 Nature Reviews Cancer 2009-06-18 9 7 Review 489 499 Cancer prevention research — then and now http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2646 Throughout history, humankind has won the battle against deadly diseases, including small pox and polio, by defeating them through prevention. Cancer prevention is a global priority, but studying history suggests that the journey towards achieving this goal is difficult and full of detours and roadblocks. Cancer prevention research — then and now

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 508 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2646

Authors: Ann M. Bode & Zigang Dong

Throughout history, humankind has won the battle against deadly diseases, including small pox and polio, by defeating them through prevention. Cancer prevention is a global priority, but studying history suggests that the journey towards achieving this goal is difficult and full of detours and roadblocks.

]]> Cancer prevention research — then and now Ann M. Bode Zigang Dong doi:10.1038/nrc2646 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 508 (2009) 2009-06-18 Nature Reviews Cancer 2009-06-18 9 7 Perspectives 508 516 Apoptosis and cancer: the genesis of a research field http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2663 In multicellular organisms, the total number of cells is a balance between the cell-generating effects of mitosis and cell death that is induced through apoptosis. A disruption of this delicate balance can lead to the development of cancer. This Timeline article focuses on how the Apoptosis and cancer: the genesis of a research field

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 501 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2663

Author: Thomas G. Cotter

In multicellular organisms, the total number of cells is a balance between the cell-generating effects of mitosis and cell death that is induced through apoptosis. A disruption of this delicate balance can lead to the development of cancer. This Timeline article focuses on how the

]]> Apoptosis and cancer: the genesis of a research field Thomas G. Cotter doi:10.1038/nrc2663 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 501 (2009) Nature Reviews Cancer 9 7 Perspectives 501 507 Wildlife cancer: a conservation perspective http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2665 Until recently, cancer in wildlife was not considered to be a conservation concern. However, with the identification of Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease, sea turtle fibropapillomatosis and sea lion genital carcinoma, it has become apparent that neoplasia can be highly prevalent and have considerable effects Wildlife cancer: a conservation perspective

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 517 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2665

Authors: Denise McAloose & Alisa L. Newton

Until recently, cancer in wildlife was not considered to be a conservation concern. However, with the identification of Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease, sea turtle fibropapillomatosis and sea lion genital carcinoma, it has become apparent that neoplasia can be highly prevalent and have considerable effects

]]> Wildlife cancer: a conservation perspective Denise McAloose Alisa L. Newton doi:10.1038/nrc2665 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 517 (2009) Nature Reviews Cancer 9 7 Perspectives 517 526 Chemoprevention of lung carcinogenesis in addicted smokers and ex-smokers http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2674 Chemoprevention of lung carcinogenesis is one approach to controlling the epidemic of lung cancer caused by cigarette smoking. The target for chemoprevention should be the activities of the multiple carcinogens, toxicants, co-carcinogens, tumour promoters and inflammatory compounds in cigarette smoke. At present there are many Chemoprevention of lung carcinogenesis in addicted smokers and ex-smokers

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 476 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2674

Authors: Stephen S. Hecht, Fekadu Kassie & Dorothy K. Hatsukami

Chemoprevention of lung carcinogenesis is one approach to controlling the epidemic of lung cancer caused by cigarette smoking. The target for chemoprevention should be the activities of the multiple carcinogens, toxicants, co-carcinogens, tumour promoters and inflammatory compounds in cigarette smoke. At present there are many

]]> Chemoprevention of lung carcinogenesis in addicted smokers and ex-smokers Stephen S. Hecht Fekadu Kassie Dorothy K. Hatsukami doi:10.1038/nrc2674 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 476 (2009) Nature Reviews Cancer 9 7 Review 476 488 Breast cancer: Prioritizing targets http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2684 A current priority in cancer research is to identify genetic alterations that are directly involved in tumorigenesis and develop therapies to target them. Arul Chinnaiyan and colleagues have used a prioritization strategy to show that angiotensin II receptor type I (AGTR1) is overexpressed Breast cancer: Prioritizing targets

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 458 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2684

Author: Meera Swami

A current priority in cancer research is to identify genetic alterations that are directly involved in tumorigenesis and develop therapies to target them. Arul Chinnaiyan and colleagues have used a prioritization strategy to show that angiotensin II receptor type I (AGTR1) is overexpressed

]]> Breast cancer: Prioritizing targets Meera Swami doi:10.1038/nrc2684 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 458 (2009) Nature Reviews Cancer 9 7 Research Highlight 458 459 Senescence: Playing games with epigenetics http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2685 The CDKN2A locus encodes the tumour suppressors INK4A and ARF, which induce senescence through independent pathways. CDKN2A expression is repressed by histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), which is mediated by polycomb group proteins. This repression is reversed in response to cellular stress, Senescence: Playing games with epigenetics

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 456 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2685

Author: Gemma K. Alderton

The CDKN2A locus encodes the tumour suppressors INK4A and ARF, which induce senescence through independent pathways. CDKN2A expression is repressed by histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), which is mediated by polycomb group proteins. This repression is reversed in response to cellular stress,

]]> Senescence: Playing games with epigenetics Gemma K. Alderton doi:10.1038/nrc2685 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 456 (2009) Nature Reviews Cancer 9 7 Research Highlight 456 456 Drug resistance: Getting through http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2686 Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) have a poor prognosis owing to several factors that include a poor response to chemotherapy. This is strange given that pancreatic tumour cells in vitro and mice with pancreatic cancer xenografts respond to the standard chemotherapeutic gemcitabine. A Drug resistance: Getting through

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 458 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2686

Author: Nicola McCarthy

Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) have a poor prognosis owing to several factors that include a poor response to chemotherapy. This is strange given that pancreatic tumour cells in vitro and mice with pancreatic cancer xenografts respond to the standard chemotherapeutic gemcitabine. A

]]> Drug resistance: Getting through Nicola McCarthy doi:10.1038/nrc2686 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 458 (2009) Nature Reviews Cancer 9 7 Research Highlight 458 459 Angiogenesis: How Down's syndrome protects http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2687 Sandra Ryeom, George Daley and colleagues have identified a genetic explanation for the reduced risk of developing solid tumours that is evident in individuals with Down's syndrome. Having an extra copy of Down's syndrome candidate region 1 (DSCR1), a gene on chromosome 21 Angiogenesis: How Down's syndrome protects

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 456 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2687

Author: Mhairi Skinner

Sandra Ryeom, George Daley and colleagues have identified a genetic explanation for the reduced risk of developing solid tumours that is evident in individuals with Down's syndrome. Having an extra copy of Down's syndrome candidate region 1 (DSCR1), a gene on chromosome 21

]]> Angiogenesis: How Down's syndrome protects Mhairi Skinner doi:10.1038/nrc2687 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 456 (2009) Nature Reviews Cancer 9 7 Research Highlight 456 456 Signalling: Hedgehog doesn't... http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2688 The role of hedgehog signalling as a driver of certain solid tumours is well established and receiving considerable translational development. Data also suggest that hedgehog signalling might be important for the development of leukaemia, potentially identifying additional patients that would benefit from anti-hedgehog therapy. However, Signalling: Hedgehog doesn't...

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 455 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2688

Author: Gemma K. Alderton

The role of hedgehog signalling as a driver of certain solid tumours is well established and receiving considerable translational development. Data also suggest that hedgehog signalling might be important for the development of leukaemia, potentially identifying additional patients that would benefit from anti-hedgehog therapy. However,

]]> Signalling: Hedgehog doesn't... Gemma K. Alderton doi:10.1038/nrc2688 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 455 (2009) Nature Reviews Cancer 9 7 Research Highlight 455 455 Therapeutics: Dependent on KRAS http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2689 Although activating KRAS mutations occur frequently in cancer, targeting this oncogene has proved difficult. Three groups have now identified pathways that have not been previously linked to KRAS — all of which may provide pharmacologically tractable anticancer targets — and that are crucial in Therapeutics: Dependent on KRAS

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 457 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2689

Author: Sarah Seton-Rogers

Although activating KRAS mutations occur frequently in cancer, targeting this oncogene has proved difficult. Three groups have now identified pathways that have not been previously linked to KRAS — all of which may provide pharmacologically tractable anticancer targets — and that are crucial in

]]> Therapeutics: Dependent on KRAS Sarah Seton-Rogers doi:10.1038/nrc2689 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 457 (2009) Nature Reviews Cancer 9 7 Research Highlight 457 457 In Brief http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2690 Metastasis In Brief

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 459 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2690

Metastasis

]]> In Brief doi:10.1038/nrc2690 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 459 (2009) Nature Reviews Cancer 9 7 Research Highlight 459 459 Canine first http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2691 The US Food and Drug administration (FDA) have approved a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, toceranib phosphate (Palladia, Pfizer Animal Health), for use in dogs to treat cutaneous mast cell tumours. Unlike other cancer treatments for pets, this drug has not previously been used in humans and Canine first

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 458 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2691

Author: Nicola McCarthy

The US Food and Drug administration (FDA) have approved a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, toceranib phosphate (Palladia, Pfizer Animal Health), for use in dogs to treat cutaneous mast cell tumours. Unlike other cancer treatments for pets, this drug has not previously been used in humans and

]]> Canine first Nicola McCarthy doi:10.1038/nrc2691 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 458 (2009) Nature Reviews Cancer 9 7 Research Highlight 458 458 From the editors http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2692 The old adage that 'prevention is better than cure' has not always been favoured in the cancer research community. In a Timeline article on page 508 Ann Bode and Zigang Dong cover the history of cancer prevention research, detailing the hits and misses that From the editors

Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 453 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2692

The old adage that 'prevention is better than cure' has not always been favoured in the cancer research community. In a Timeline article on page 508 Ann Bode and Zigang Dong cover the history of cancer prevention research, detailing the hits and misses that

]]> From the editors doi:10.1038/nrc2692 Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 453 (2009) Nature Reviews Cancer 9 7 From The Editors 453 453