Neuropsychopharmacology

FIGURES AND TABLES

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Alcohol Reduces Prefrontal Cortical Excitability in Humans: A Combined TMS and EEG Study

Seppo Kähkönen, Juha Wilenius, Vadim V Nikulin, Marko Ollikainen and Risto J Ilmoniemi

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Figure 1 - Unfortunately we are unable to provide accessible alternative text for this. If you require assistance to access this image, please contact help@nature.com or the author

Figure 1.

Grand average with common averaged referencing prefrontal TMS-evoked EEG responses before (dotted lines) and after alcohol (solid) challenge. Signals from frontal and central electrodes are enlarged. Artifacted electrodes were removed. Negativity is upward.

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Figure 2.

GMFA in the prefrontal real-TMS condition (a) and in the condition after subtracting the control from real TMS (b).

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Figure 3.

Paired t-test maps for the difference of time-integrated EEG responses from 30 to 270 ms (before and after alcohol ingestion) in the prefrontal real-TMS condition (a) and in the condition after subtracting the control from real TMS (b). Circles indicate electrodes used in analysis. Crosses indicate artifacted electrodes. The nose is upwards. Note the low p-values in anterior electrodes.

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Figure 4.

(a) Averaged EMG to the left prefrontal TMS pulses as recorded with the bipolar platinum electrodes in one subject from temporal muscles. (b) Horizontal electro-oculogram after prefrontal TMS in one subject (dotted line). EEG responses of the same subject from frontal electrodes (solid lines). Note that the EOG signal has been low-pass-filtered at 35 Hz.

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Table 1 - GMFA Before and After Alcohol Ingestion (M[plusmn]SD) - Unfortunately we are unable to provide accessible alternative text for this. If you require assistance to access this image, please contact help@nature.com or the author

Table 1 - GMFA Before and After Alcohol Ingestion (MplusminusSD).

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