TABLE 1
FROM:
Effects of Procyclidine on Eye Movements in Schizophrenia
Ulrich Ettinger, Veena Kumari, Elizabeth Zachariah, Adrian Galea, Trevor J Crawford, Philip J Corr, David Taylor, Mrigendra Das and Tonmoy Sharma
BACK TO ARTICLETable 1. Means (SD) of Oculomotor Variables by Condition
| Group 1 (N=7): procyclidine first | Group 2 (N=6): placebo first | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Procyclidine | Placebo | ES | Procyclidine | Placebo | ES | Mean ES | |
| SPEM gain 12°/s | 0.85 (0.14) | 0.95 (0.12) | -0.83 | 0.94 (0.10) | 0.92 (0.15) | 0.18 | -0.32 |
| SPEM gain 24°/s | 0.76 (0.25) | 0.86 (0.19) | -0.83 | 0.90 (0.10) | 0.83 (0.10) | 0.50 | -0.16 |
| SPEM gain 36°/s | 0.64 (0.27) | 0.67 (0.24) | -0.18 | 0.61 (0.16) | 0.66 (0.12) | -0.25 | -0.22 |
| SPEM gain 48°/s | 0.50 (0.30) | 0.57 (0.26) | -0.39 | 0.45 (0.18) | 0.53 (0.12) | -0.57 | -0.48 |
| Anticipatory saccades 12°/s (N/s) | 0.32 (0.36) | 0.20 (0.17) | 0.55 | 0.36 (0.13) | 0.27 (0.14) | 0.75 | 0.65 |
| Anticipatory saccades 24°/s (N/s) | 0.35 (0.40) | 0.49 (0.47) | -0.39 | 0.70 (0.27) | 0.61 (0.24) | 0.38 | -0.01 |
| Anticipatory saccades 36°/s (N/s) | 0.26 (0.15) | 0.51 (0.47) | -0.60 | 0.91 (0.39) | 0.68 (0.41) | 0.70 | 0.05 |
| Anticipatory saccades 48°/s (N/s) | 0.35 (0.48) | 0.19 (0.27) | 0.67 | 0.63 (0.54) | 0.26 (0.14) | 0.73 | 0.70 |
| Catch-up saccades 12°/s (N/s) | 0.67 (0.24) | 0.48 (0.32) | 0.70 | 0.41 (0.14) | 0.30 (0.14) | 0.55 | 0.63 |
| Catch-up saccades 24°/s (N/s) | 1.50 (0.50) | 1.24 (0.46) | 0.81 | 0.96 (0.37) | 0.84 (0.53) | 0.36 | 0.59 |
| Catch-up saccades 36°/s (N/s) | 1.84 (0.66) | 1.87 (0.65) | -0.05 | 1.44 (0.57) | 1.70 (0.44) | -0.65 | -0.35 |
| Catch-up saccades 48°/s (N/s) | 2.48 (0.66) | 2.58 (0.74) | -0.10 | 2.18 (0.63) | 2.47 (0.72) | -0.41 | -0.26 |
| Fixation saccades (N/s) | 0.09 (0.11) | 0.12 (0.16)a | -0.17 | 0.09 (0.09) | 0.10 (0.14) | -0.06 | -0.12 |
| Antisaccade gain (%) | -110.86 (32.34)a | -101.10 (19.11) | -0.23 | -132.24 (45.55) | -102.03 (39.42) | -1.02 | -0.63 |
| Antisaccade latency (ms) | 399.22 (104.78)a | 389.85 (110.08) | 0.20 | 291.09 (70.70) | 332.86 (70.64) | -1.26 | -0.53 |
| Antisaccade error rate (%) | 56.49 (17.72)a | 43.29 (24.53) | 0.67 | 40.02 (15.42) | 46.99 (17.51) | -0.42 | 0.13 |
| Prosaccade gain (%) | 95.80 (16.55) | 93.10 (11.54) | 0.21 | 96.66 (11.07) | 94.64 (14.73) | 0.14 | 0.18 |
| Prosaccade latency (ms) | 236.39 (75.70) | 211.27 (45.70) | 0.75 | 192.43 (28.21) | 204.34 (34.53) | -0.39 | 0.18 |
a N=6; ES=effect size.
Negative effect sizes for SPEM gain indicate worse performance with administration of procyclidine. Positive effect sizes for frequency of saccades during SPEM and fixation, antisaccade latency, antisaccade error rate, and prosaccade latency indicate worse performance with the administration of procyclidine. The effect sizes for antisaccade and prosaccade gain indicate larger saccades with administration of procyclidine.
Cohen (1988) considers effect sizes of 0.2 'small', 0.5 'medium', and 0.8 'large'.
