Letter abstract
Nature Physics 5, 222 - 226 (2009)
Published online: 1 February 2009 | doi:10.1038/nphys1198
Subject Categories: Electronics, photonics and device physics | Condensed-matter physics | Nanotechnology
Quantum interference and Klein tunnelling in graphene heterojunctions
Andrea F. Young & Philip Kim
The observation of quantum conductance oscillations in mesoscopic systems has traditionally required the confinement of the carriers to a phase space of reduced dimensionality1, 2, 3, 4. Although electron optics such as lensing5 and focusing6 have been demonstrated experimentally, building a collimated electron interferometer in two unconfined dimensions has remained a challenge owing to the difficulty of creating electrostatic barriers that are sharp on the order of the electron wavelength7. Here, we report the observation of conductance oscillations in extremely narrow graphene heterostructures where a resonant cavity is formed between two electrostatically created bipolar junctions. Analysis of the oscillations confirms that p–n junctions have a collimating effect on ballistically transmitted carriers8. The phase shift observed in the conductance fringes at low magnetic fields is a signature of the perfect transmission of carriers normally incident on the junctions9 and thus constitutes a direct experimental observation of 'Klein tunnelling'10, 11, 12.
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York 10027, USA
Correspondence to: Philip Kim e-mail: pk2015@columbia.edu
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