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Letter

Nature Physics 4, 112–115 (1 February 2008) | doi:10.1038/nphys813

Magnetic flux periodicity of h/e in superconducting loops

F. Loder , A. P. Kampf , T. Kopp , J. Mannhart , C. W. Schneider & Y. S. Barash

Superconducting loops exhibit macroscopic quantum phenomena that have far-reaching implications; magnetic flux periodicity and flux quantization are the key to our understanding of fundamental properties of superconductors and are the basis for many applications. In superconducting rings, the electrical current responds to a magnetic flux by having a periodicity of h/2e, where the ratio of Planck|[rsquo]|s constant and the elementary charge defines the magnetic flux quantum h/e.