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Letter

Nature Physics 4, 120–124 (1 February 2008) | doi:10.1038/nphys808

Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric current

Jukka P. Pekola , Juha J. Vartiainen , Mikko M|[ouml]|tt|[ouml]|nen , Olli-Pentti Saira , Matthias Meschke & Dmitri V. Averin

The basis of synchronous manipulation of individual electrons in solid-state devices was laid by the rise of single electronics about two decades ago. Ultrasmall structures in a low-temperature environment form an ideal domain for addressing electrons one by one.