Letter abstract
Nature Physics 3, 526 - 529 (2007)
Published online: 24 June 2007 | doi:10.1038/nphys648
Subject Categories: Astrophysics | Fluid dynamics
Weather in stellar atmosphere revealed by the dynamics of mercury clouds in 
Andromedae
Oleg Kochukhov1, Saul J. Adelman2, Austin F. Gulliver3 & Nikolai Piskunov1
The formation of long-lasting structures at the surfaces of stars is commonly ascribed to the action of strong magnetic fields. This paradigm is supported by observations of evolving cool spots in the Sun1 and active late-type stars2, and stationary chemical spots in the early-type magnetic stars3. However, results of our seven-year monitoring of mercury spots in non-magnetic early-type star 
Andromedae show that the picture of magnetically driven structure formation is fundamentally incomplete. Using an indirect stellar-surface mapping technique, we construct a series of two-dimensional images of starspots and discover a secular evolution of the mercury cloud cover in this star. This remarkable structure-formation process, observed for the first time in any star, is plausibly attributed to a non-equilibrium, dynamical evolution of the heavy-element clouds created by atomic diffusion4, and may have the same underlying physics as the weather patterns on terrestrial and giant planets.
- Department of Astronomy and Space Physics, Uppsala University, Box 515, SE 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physics, The Citadel, 171 Moultrie Street, 29409 Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brandon University, R7A 6A9 Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
Correspondence to: Oleg Kochukhov1 e-mail: Oleg.Kochukhov@astro.uu.se
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