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Harnessing high-dimensional hyperentanglement through a biphoton frequency comb

Nature Photonics volume 9, pages 536–542 (2015)Cite this article

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Abstract

Quantum entanglement is a fundamental resource for secure information processing and communications, and hyperentanglement or high-dimensional entanglement has been separately proposed for its high data capacity and error resilience. The continuous-variable nature of the energy–time entanglement makes it an ideal candidate for efficient high-dimensional coding with minimal limitations. Here, we demonstrate the first simultaneous high-dimensional hyperentanglement using a biphoton frequency comb to harness the full potential in both the energy and time domain. Long-postulated Hong–Ou–Mandel quantum revival is exhibited, with up to 19 time-bins and 96.5% visibilities. We further witness the high-dimensional energy–time entanglement through Franson revivals, observed periodically at integer time-bins, with 97.8% visibility. This qudit state is observed to simultaneously violate the generalized Bell inequality by up to 10.95 standard deviations while observing recurrent Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt S-parameters up to 2.76. Our biphoton frequency comb provides a platform for photon-efficient quantum communications towards the ultimate channel capacity through energy–time–polarization high-dimensional encoding.

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Figure 1: Generation and quantum revival observations of the high-dimensional biphoton frequency comb.
Figure 2: Quantum frequency correlation measurement of the biphoton frequency comb.
Figure 3: Franson interference of the high-dimensional biphoton frequency comb.
Figure 4: Measured Franson interference around different relative delays of arm2.
Figure 5: High-dimensional hyperentanglement on polarization and energy–time basis.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank T. Pittman, J. Franson and D. Fields for assistance, and A. Kumar Vinod, Y. Li, J. Poekert, M. Itzler, P. Li, D.R. Englund and X. Hu for discussions. This work is supported by the InPho programme of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract no. W911NF-10-1-0416. Y.X.G. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (grant no. 11474050).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, California, USA

    Zhenda Xie & Chee Wei Wong

  2. Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, 10027, New York, USA

    Zhenda Xie, Sajan Shrestha, XinAn Xu, Junlin Liang & Chee Wei Wong

  3. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, USA

    Tian Zhong, Jeffrey H. Shapiro & Franco N. C. Wong

  4. Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China

    Yan-Xiao Gong

  5. Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, 20899, Maryland, USA

    Joshua C. Bienfang & Alessandro Restelli

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  1. Zhenda Xie
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Contributions

Z.X., T.Z., S.S., X.X. and J.L. performed the measurements. J.C.B. and A.R. developed the 1.3 GHz detectors. T.Z., Y.X.G., F.N.C.W. and J.H.S. provided the theory and samples. All authors helped with manuscript preparation.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zhenda Xie or Chee Wei Wong.

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Xie, Z., Zhong, T., Shrestha, S. et al. Harnessing high-dimensional hyperentanglement through a biphoton frequency comb. Nature Photon 9, 536–542 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.110

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