Abstract
Lensless X-ray imaging techniques such as coherent diffraction imaging1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and ptychography9,10,11, and Fourier transform holography12,13,14,15,16,17 can provide time-resolved, diffraction-limited images. Nearly all examples of these techniques have focused on transmission geometry, restricting the samples and reciprocal spaces that can be investigated. We report a lensless X-ray technique developed for imaging in Bragg and small-angle scattering geometries, which may also find application in transmission geometries. We demonstrate this by imaging a nanofabricated pseudorandom binary structure in small-angle reflection geometry. The technique can be used with extended objects, places no restriction on sample size, and requires no additional sample masking. The realization of X-ray lensless imaging in reflection geometry opens up the possibility of single-shot imaging of surfaces in thin films, buried interfaces in magnetic multilayers, organic photovoltaic and field-effect transistor devices, or Bragg planes in a single crystal.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank S. Marchesini of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for helpful discussions. This work at LBNL was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy (contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231). Work in the group of S.D.K. at U. Oregon was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. DMR-0506241).
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S.R. conceived the experiment. S.R., K.A.S. and D.P. designed the experiment. W.C. and E.H.A. fabricated the test pattern. S.C. fabricated the exit screen. D.P., K.A.S., R.S. and S.R. preformed the experiments. D.P., K.A.S. and S.R. analysed the data. S.R., K.A.S., D.P., J.J.T. and S.D.K. authored the paper. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.
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Roy, S., Parks, D., Seu, K. et al. Lensless X-ray imaging in reflection geometry. Nature Photon 5, 243–245 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2011.11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2011.11
