Abstract
Reliable, efficient electrically pumped silicon-based lasers would enable full integration of photonic and electronic circuits, but have previously only been realized by wafer bonding. Here, we demonstrate continuous-wave InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers directly grown on silicon substrates with a low threshold current density of 62.5 A cm–2, a room-temperature output power exceeding 105 mW and operation up to 120 °C. Over 3,100 h of continuous-wave operating data have been collected, giving an extrapolated mean time to failure of over 100,158 h. The realization of high-performance quantum dot lasers on silicon is due to the achievement of a low density of threading dislocations on the order of 105 cm−2 in the III–V epilayers by combining a nucleation layer and dislocation filter layers with in situ thermal annealing. These results are a major advance towards reliable and cost-effective silicon-based photonic–electronic integration.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge financial support from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grants nos. EP/J012904/1 and EP/J012815/1). H.L. thanks The Royal Society for funding his University Research Fellowship.
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H.L. proposed and guided the overall project with contributions from A.J.S. and P.M.S. S.C., J.W., A.J.S., P.M.S. and H.L. developed the laser structure. J.W., M.T. and H.L. performed material growth. S.C. and Q.J. carried out the device fabrication and device characterization. S.S., S.N.E. and P.M.S. performed laser near-field measurements and analysis. A.S. and S.S. contributed to the development of device processing. W.L. and I.R. performed TEM characterization and analysis. M.T. and J.W. carried out AFM characterization. S.C., J.W., A.J.S. and H.L. composed the manuscript with input from all co-authors.
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Chen, S., Li, W., Wu, J. et al. Electrically pumped continuous-wave III–V quantum dot lasers on silicon. Nature Photon 10, 307–311 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2016.21
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2016.21
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