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Nature Photonics 3, 135–136 (1 March 2009) | doi:10.1038/nphoton.2009.17

Optical switching: Polariton diode microcavities

Alexey Kavokin

More than 50 years ago, Gross et al. demonstrated that excitons — electron–hole pairs bound by Coulomb interactions — can strongly modify the absorption spectra in semiconductors near their bandgap frequency. The excitons give rise to sharp peaks in the absorption spectra of semiconductors, which have an amplitude and shape that are particularly sensitive to temperature as well as external electric and magnetic fields.