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Nature Methods 5, 439–445 (1 May 2008) | doi:10.1038/nmeth.1198

Spheroid-based engineering of a human vasculature in mice

Abdullah Alajati , Anna M Laib , Holger Weber , Anja M Boos , Arne Bartol , Kristian Ikenberg , Thomas Korff , Hanswalter Zentgraf , Cynthia Obodozie , Ralph Graeser , Sven Christian , G|[uuml]|nter Finkenzeller , G Bj|[ouml]|rn Stark , M|[eacute]|lanie H|[eacute]|roult & Hellmut G Augustin

The complexity of the angiogenic cascade limits cellular approaches to studying angiogenic endothelial cells (ECs). In turn, in vivo assays do not allow the analysis of the distinct cellular behavior of ECs during angiogenesis. Here we show that ECs can be grafted as spheroids into a matrix to give rise to a complex three-dimensional network of human neovessels in mice. The grafted vasculature matures and is connected to the mouse circulation. The assay is highly versatile and facilitates numerous applications including studies of the effects of different cytokines on angiogenesis. Modifications make it possible to study human lymphangiogenic processes in vivo. EC spheroids can also be coimplanted with other cell types for tissue engineering purposes.