Abstract
Fibre materials span a broad range of applications ranging from simple textile yarns to complex modern fibre-optic communication systems. Throughout their history, a key premise has remained essentially unchanged: fibres are static devices, incapable of controllably changing their properties over a wide range of frequencies. A number of approaches to realizing time-dependent variations in fibres have emerged, including refractive index modulation1,2,3,4, nonlinear optical mechanisms in silica glass fibres5,6,7,8 and electroactively modulated polymer fibres9. These approaches have been limited primarily because of the inert nature of traditional glassy fibre materials. Here we report the composition of a phase internal to a composite fibre structure that is simultaneously crystalline and non-centrosymmetric. A ferroelectric polymer layer of 30 μm thickness is spatially confined and electrically contacted by internal viscous electrodes and encapsulated in an insulating polymer cladding hundreds of micrometres in diameter. The structure is thermally drawn in its entirety from a macroscopic preform, yielding tens of metres of piezoelectric fibre. The fibres show a piezoelectric response and acoustic transduction from kilohertz to megahertz frequencies. A single-fibre electrically driven device containing a high-quality-factor Fabry–Perot optical resonator and a piezoelectric transducer is fabricated and measured.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge A. F. Abouraddy, G. Benoit, M. Spencer, J. Rigling, M. Thompson, S. Griggs and J. F. Viens for their critical help and for discussions; S. A. Speakman for assistance with the XRD measurements; and E. L. Thomas for guidance. This work was supported in part by the Materials Research Science and Engineering Program of the US National Science Foundation under award number DMR-0819762, DARPA/Griggs and also in part by the US Army Research Office through the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies under contract no. W911NF-07-D-0004.
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Y.F. and J.D.J. conceived the architecture of piezoelectric fibres. S.E., Z.W. and N.C. designed and fabricated fibre samples and carried out acoustic and heterodyne optical measurements. Z.W. constructed the acoustic transmission set-up. P.T.R. designed and constructed the heterodyne optical set-up. S.E. measured the Fabry–Perot/piezoelectric fibres. Z.M.R. and A.M.S. carried out thin-film deposition. D.S. carried out SEM imaging. S.E., Z.W., N.C., F.S., J.D.J and Y.F. co-wrote the manuscript.
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Egusa, S., Wang, Z., Chocat, N. et al. Multimaterial piezoelectric fibres. Nature Mater 9, 643–648 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2792
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2792
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