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A ten-year perspective on dilute magnetic semiconductors and oxides

Nature Materials volume 9, pages 965–974 (2010)Cite this article

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Abstract

Over the past ten years, the search for compounds combining the properties of semiconductors and ferromagnets has evolved into an important field of materials science. This endeavour has been fuelled by many demonstrations of remarkable low-temperature functionalities in the ferromagnetic structures (Ga,Mn)As and p-(Cd,Mn)Te, and related compounds, and by the theoretical prediction that magnetically doped, p-type nitride and oxide semiconductors might support ferromagnetism mediated by valence-band holes to above room temperature. Indeed, ferromagnetic signatures persisting at high temperatures have been detected in a number of non-metallic systems, even under conditions in which the presence of spin ordering was not originally anticipated. Here I review recent experimental and theoretical developments, emphasizing that they not only disentangle many controversies and puzzles accumulated over the past decade but also offer new research prospects.

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Figure 1: Experimental data for p-type DMS films.
Figure 2: Experimental energies of Mn levels in the gaps of III–V compounds, with respect to the valence-band edges.
Figure 3: Predictions of the p–d Zener model compared with experimental data for p-type (III,Mn)V DMSs.
Figure 4: Dependence of TC on the concentration of magnetic impurities and density of hole states at the Fermi level for weak and strong coupling.
Figure 5: Resistive indications of ferromagnetism in p-Zn0.981Mn0.019Te:N and n-Zn0.97Mn0.03O:Al.
Figure 6: Evidence for crystallographic and chemical phase separations in DMSs.
Figure 7: Formation of nanocolumns DMSs by aggregation of transition-metal cations.
Figure 8: Computed energy change Ed in ZnTe and GaAs.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the FunDMS Advanced Grant of the European Research Council within the 'Ideas' 7th Framework Programme of the EC, and earlier by the ERATO project of the Japan Science and Technology Agency and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Collaboration with the groups of A. Bonanni, S. Kuroda, H. Ohno and M. Sawicki is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, PL-02-668 Warszawa, Poland

    Tomasz Dietl

  2. Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Warsaw, PL-00-681 Warszawa, Poland

    Tomasz Dietl

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Dietl, T. A ten-year perspective on dilute magnetic semiconductors and oxides. Nature Mater 9, 965–974 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2898

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