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Letter

Nature Materials 8, 659–664 (1 August 2009) | doi:10.1038/nmat2473

Sequential click reactions for synthesizing and patterning three-dimensional cell microenvironments

Cole A. DeForest , Brian D. Polizzotti & Kristi S. Anseth

Click chemistry provides extremely selective and orthogonal reactions that proceed with high efficiency and under a variety of mild conditions, the most common example being the copper(I)-catalysed reaction of azides with alkynes. While the versatility of click reactions has been broadly exploited, a major limitation is the intrinsic toxicity of the synthetic schemes and the inability to translate these approaches into biological applications.