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Letter
Nature Materials 7, 859–862 (1 November 2008) | doi:10.1038/nmat2289
Electron-trapping polycrystalline materials with negative electron affinity
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Abstract
The trapping of electrons by grain boundaries in semiconducting and insulating materials is important for a wide range of physical problems, for example, relating to: electroceramic materials with applications as sensors, varistors and fuel cells, reliability issues for solar cell and semiconductor technologies and electromagnetic seismic phenomena in the Earth|[rsquo]|s crust. Surprisingly, considering their relevance for applications and abundance in the environment, there have been few experimental or theoretical studies of the electron trapping properties of grain boundaries in highly ionic materials such as the alkaline earth metal oxides and alkali halides.
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