Article abstract
Nature Materials 6, 241 - 247 (2007)
doi:10.1038/nmat1840
Subject Categories: Metals and alloys | Catalytic materials | Nanoscale materials | Surface and thin films
Trends in electrocatalysis on extended and nanoscale Pt-bimetallic alloy surfaces
Vojislav R. Stamenkovic1,2, Bongjin Simon Mun2,3, Matthias Arenz4, Karl J. J. Mayrhofer5, Christopher A. Lucas5, Guofeng Wang6, Philip N. Ross2 and Nenad M. Markovic1
Abstract
One of the key objectives in fuel-cell technology is to improve and reduce Pt loading as the oxygen-reduction catalyst. Here, we show a fundamental relationship in electrocatalytic trends on Pt3M (M=Ni, Co, Fe, Ti, V) surfaces between the experimentally determined surface electronic structure (the d-band centre) and activity for the oxygen-reduction reaction. This relationship exhibits 'volcano-type' behaviour, where the maximum catalytic activity is governed by a balance between adsorption energies of reactive intermediates and surface coverage by spectator (blocking) species. The electrocatalytic trends established for extended surfaces are used to explain the activity pattern of Pt3M nanocatalysts as well as to provide a fundamental basis for the catalytic enhancement of cathode catalysts. By combining simulations with experiments in the quest for surfaces with desired activity, an advanced concept in nanoscale catalyst engineering has been developed.
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Hanyang University, Ansan, Kyunggi-Do 426-791, Korea
- Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of South Carolina, Aiken, South Carolina 29801, USA
Correspondence to: Vojislav R. Stamenkovic1,2 e-mail: vrstamenkovic@anl.gov
Correspondence to: Nenad M. Markovic1 e-mail: nmmarkovic@anl.gov
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