 | Figure 1
Nature Medicine
9, 781 - 788 (2003)
Published online: 5 May 2003; | doi:10.1038/nm877
Leukocytes mediate retinal vascular remodeling during development and vaso-obliteration in diseaseSusumu Ishida, Kenji Yamashiro, Tomohiko Usui, Yuichi Kaji, Yuichiro Ogura, Tetsuo Hida, Yoshihito Honda, Yoshihisa Oguchi
& Anthony P Adamis | | | | Figure 1. Temporal and spatial correlation of leukocyte adhesion with retinal vascular remodeling.
(a) Developing rat retina, P1−P12. The dense primary vasculature (arrowheads) with abundant leukocytes was remodeled outwardly. The initial pruning occurred centrally (posteriorly) on P5−P6, followed by peripheral waves of pruning from P6 to P12. (b) Magnification of white-outlined boxes in a. The vasculature was denser on P4−P5 than on P3, and then became much less dense on P6. The leukocytes (arrows) adhered to the dense vasculature (arrowheads) just before the pruning and disappeared after the pruning. Bottom panel, central (left) to peripheral (right) retina. (c) Green fluorescence from FITC-coupled conA (left) and red fluorescence from the antibody to CD45 (middle) identified conA-stained cells (arrows, left) within the P5 retinal vessels as being CD45-positive leukocytes (arrows, middle) when the images were superimposed (right). (d) The number of leukocytes adhering to the entire retinal vascular bed peaked on P5 and 'retreated' to a new plateau on P6−P11 (n = 6−15 for each postnatal day). (e) Both vascular density and the number of branch-surrounded spaces increased at P4 and peaked at P5 (n = 10−15 for each postnatal day). (f) The increase in vascular density on P4 was accompanied by an increase in adherent leukocytes on P5, followed by vascular pruning on P6 (n = 10−15 for each postnatal day). (g,h) Western blotting for ICAM-1 showed more ICAM-1 protein in P4−P6 rat retinas than in fully pruned adult retinas. Correction was made by CD34 signal for vascularity. Similar results were obtained in three separate experiments. (i) Green fluorescence from the FITC-coupled conA (top) and red fluorescence corresponding to the antibody to ICAM-1 (bottom) showed increased ICAM-1 expression (bottom) in the dense vasculature at P8 with many associated adherent leukocytes (arrows, top).d, e and f: Error bars indicate s.d.
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