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Article
Nature Medicine  9, 1484 - 1490 (2003)
Published online: 16 November 2003; | doi:10.1038/nm960


There is a Corrigendum (January 2004) associated with this Article.

Dendritic cell−induced autoimmune heart failure requires cooperation between adaptive and innate immunity

Urs Eriksson1, 2, Romeo Ricci1, Lukas Hunziker2, Michael O Kurrer3, Gavin Y Oudit4, Tania H Watts5, Ivo Sonderegger6, Kurt Bachmaier1, 7, Manfred Kopf6 & Josef M Penninger1, 5, 7

1  Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Bohrgasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.

2  Department of Research and Medicine A, University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.

3  Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.

4  The Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre for Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.

5  Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.

6  Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Wagistr. 27, CH-8952 Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.

7  Department of Medical Biophysics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Hospital, 620 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada.

Correspondence should be addressed to Urs Eriksson ueriksson@uhbs.ch or Josef M Penninger josef.penninger@oeaw.ac.at
Genetic susceptibility and autoimmunity triggered by microbial infections are factors implicated in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy, the most common cause of heart failure in young patients. Here we show that dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with a heart-specific self peptide induce CD4+ T-cell-mediated myocarditis in nontransgenic mice. Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation, in concert with CD40 triggering of self peptide−loaded dendritic cells, was shown to be required for disease induction. After resolution of acute myocarditis, DC-immunized mice developed heart failure, and TLR stimulation of these mice resulted in relapse of inflammatory infiltrates. Injection of damaged, syngeneic cardiomyocytes also induced myocarditis in mice if TLRs were activated in vivo. DC−induced myocarditis provides a unifying theory as to how tissue damage and activation of TLRs during infection can induce autoimmunity, relapses and cardiomyopathy.

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ISSN: 1078-8956
EISSN: 1546-170X
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