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Review
Nature Medicine 8, 1243 - 1248 (2002)
doi:10.1038/nm1102-1243
The liver X receptor gene team: Potential new players in atherosclerosis
Joyce J. Repa1 & David J. Mangelsdorf2
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are sterol-responsive transcription factors that regulate expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis. Maintenance of normal cholesterol levels has implicated the involvement of LXR-induced genes in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. The modulation of LXRs or their downstream targets may provide alternative therapeutic strategies for the management of this disease.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Epidemiological studies have identified a variety of independent risk factors that contribute to coronary artery disease; most notable are high levels of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
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and PPAR-
activators induce cholesterol removal from human macrophage foam cells through stimulation of the ABCA1 pathway