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Nature Medicine 6, 347 - 350 (2000)
doi:10.1038/73213
Transdermal monitoring of glucose and other analytes using ultrasound
Joseph Kost1,2, Samir Mitragotri3, Robert A. Gabbay4,6, Michael Pishko5 & Robert Langer2
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University , Beer-Sheva, 84105 Israel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 , USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Endocrine Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- R.A.G. present address: Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Penn State Geisinger Health System, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
Correspondence to: Joseph Kost1,2 e-mail: kost@bgumail.bgu.ac.il
Correspondence to: Robert Langer2 e-mail: rlanger@mit.edu
Considerable effort has been directed towards developing painless and convenient methods to measure blood analytes, particularly glucose1, including implantable sensors2, 3, 4, minimally invasive skin microporation approaches involving laser or miniaturized lancets5 and noninvasive technologies such as near-infrared spectroscopy5, transdermal permeation enhancers6 or reverse iontophoresis7, 8. However, none are used in routine clinical practice5.
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