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Article
Nature Medicine  6, 1140 - 1146 (2000)
doi:10.1038/80481

Viremia control following antiretroviral treatment and therapeutic immunization during primary SIV251 infection of macaques

Zdenek Hel1, David Venzon2, Monita Poudyal1, Wen-Po Tsai1, Laura Giuliani1, Ruth Woodward3, Claire Chougnet4, Gene Shearer4, John D. Altman5, David Watkins6, Norbert Bischofberger7, Alashle Abimiku8, Phillip Markham3, James Tartaglia9, 10 & Genoveffa Franchini1

1  National Cancer Institute, Basic Research Laboratory , 41/D804, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

2  National Cancer Institute, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

3  Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, Maryland 20895, USA

4  National Cancer Institute, Experimental Immunology Branch, 10/4B17, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

5  Emory University Vaccine Center at Yerkes, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA

6  Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA

7  Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California 94404, USA

8  Institute of Human Virology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201

9  Aventis Pasteur, Ltd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M2R 3T4

10  Virogenetics Corporation, Troy, New York 12180, USA

Correspondence should be addressed to Genoveffa Franchini veffa@helix.nih.gov
Prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not likely to eradicate human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) infection. Here we explore the effect of therapeutic immunization in the context of ART during primary infection using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV251) macaque model. Vaccination of rhesus macaques with the highly attenuated poxvirus-based NYVAC-SIV vaccine expressing structural genes elicited vigorous virus-specific CD4 + and CD8+ T cell responses in macaques that responded effectively to ART. Following discontinuation of a six-month ART regimen, viral rebound occurred in most animals, but was transient in six of eight vaccinated animals. Viral rebound was also transient in four of seven mock-vaccinated control animals. These data establish the importance of antiretroviral treatment during primary infection and demonstrate that virus-specific immune responses in the infected host can be expanded by therapeutic immunization.

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Nature Medicine
ISSN: 1078-8956
EISSN: 1546-170X
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