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Nature Medicine 5, 780 - 787 (1999)
doi:10.1038/10503

Conversion of tumor-specific CD4+ T-cell tolerance to T-cell priming through in vivo ligation of CD40

Eduardo M. Sotomayor1, Ivan Borrello1, Erev Tubb1, Frédérique-Marie Rattis1, Harold Bien1, Zhengbin Lu1, Steve Fein1, Stephen Schoenberger2 & Hyam I. Levitsky1

Tumor antigen-specific T-cell tolerance limits the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines. Antigen-presenting cells mediate the induction of T-cell tolerance to self-antigens. We therefore assessed the fate of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells in tumor-bearing recipients after in vivo activation of antigen-presenting cells with antibodies against CD40. Such treatment not only preserved the responsiveness of this population, but resulted in their endogenous activation. Established tumors regressed in vaccinated mice treated with antibody against CD40 at a time when no response was achieved with vaccination alone. These results indicate that modulation of antigen-presenting cells may be a useful strategy for enhancing responsiveness to immunization.