No. 1 1–123 No. 2 125–243 No. 3 255–356 No. 4 357–464 No. 5 465–590 No. 6 591–711 No. 7 713–849 No. 8 851–961 No. 9 963–1087 No. 10 1089–1214 No. 11 1215–1328 No. 12 1329–1457

(NV) News & Views; (L) Letter to the Editor; (C) Commentary; (NT) New Technology; (Corr) Correction; (Err) Errata

A

 Aβ, See Amyloid β peptide Ac-YVAD-cmk, caspase inhibition, neural graft survival, 97 Academic health centers, biomedical research squeeze, 472(N) Academic Medicine Development Company, 6(N) Acute myeloid leukemia AML1 Runt domains, 1356(NV) CD44-targeted differentiation therapy, 619(NV), 669 Adeno-associated virus αVβ5 integrin co-receptor, 78, 467(L) fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 co-receptor for, 71, 467(L) Adeno-associated virus vector factor IX gene delivery, hemophilia B, 21 (NV),56,64 purification, 587 re-targeting of, genetic capsid modifications, 1052, 1438(Err) sarcoglycan delivery, 439 Adenosine 5'-diphosphate, P2Y1 receptor mediation of, 1199 Adenosine triphosphohydrolase, hemostasis and thrombosis modulation, 987(NV), 1010 Adenoviral vectors instability during transport, clinical implications, 955(NT) tissue-specific immune response, cardiac transplant implications, 1143 glioma therapy, chronic inflammation induction, 1237(NV),1256 Adenovirus E1A, Ewing fusion transcript EWS/FLI2 induction, 991(NV), 1076 Advanced sleep phase syndrome, 983(NV), 1062 Ag+-resistant determinant, 183 Age-related macular degeneration, FasL role, subretinal angiogenesis, 292 Aging research center opens, 1338(N) AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma, IL-4 toxin treatment, 738(NV), 817 AIDS progression, SIV in vivo evolution role, 488(NV), 535 AIDS vaccine, See HIV-1 vaccine AIDS Vaccine Research Center, director appointed, 362(N) Alcoholic cirrhosis, tumor necrosis factor-α role, 1243(NV) Allegheny University of the Health Sciences bankruptcy, 130(N) Allergy protection, oral gene delivery, 380(NV),387 Allografts, See Transplantation α-cardiac myosin heavy chain mutation, heart failure, 266(NV), 327 α-galactosidase A enhancement, Fabry lymphoblasts, 112 α-tropomyosin mutants, calcium-sensitization, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 1413 αβ-crystallin, and intermediate filaments, 25(NV) αVβ5 integrin, adeno-associated virus 2 co-receptor, 78 ALPS II genetic analysis, 876(NV) Altered peptide ligands, T-cell priming interference, 565 Alzheimer disease amyloid-β vaccine, 870(NV) diagnostic test conflict-of-interest problems, 717(N) neuronal excitotoxic necrosis, PS-1 knock-in mice, 101 presenilin mutations, β-catenin trafficking, 149(NV),164 presenilin mutations, transgenic mice, 560 PS-1 exon 9 deletion defined, 1090(L) Amacrine cells, and myopia, 879(NV) AML1 Runt domain mutations, 1356(NV) Amyloid β peptide, Alzheimer disease vaccine, 870(NV) Amyloid plaques, and PS1 mutations, transgenic mice, 560 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis creatine neuroprotective effects, 347 lack of apoptosis, mice, 966(L) Ancient Andean people, ancestry, HTLV-I, 1357(NV), 1428 Androgen receptor, HER-1/neu crosstalk, prostate cancer, 264(NV), 280 Angiogenesis and bone formation, VEGF role, 617(NV), 623 endothelial progenitor cells, 434 FasL role, retina, 292 NSAIDs inhibition of, mechanisms and implications, 1348(NV), 1418 suppression of, tumor-host interactions, gallbladder, 1203 targeted pro-apoptotic peptides, cancer, 1032 VEGF isoforms potential use, 491(NV), 495 Angiogenic growth factors, clinical applications, 1359(R) Angiopoietins, 1359(R) Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, 1110(C) Animal rights, US universities offer courses, 973(N) Antibiotic resistance, 147(NV), 358(L) Antigen-presenting cells, See Dendritic cells Antigen-specific immunosuppression, 'killer' dendritic cells, 930 Anti-inflammatory therapy, thymosin β4 mechanism, 1424 Anti-tumor therapy, See Cancer therapy; Cancer vaccine Anxiety, GABAA receptor, mouse model, 1131(NV) APC mutation type, disease severity mechanism, 1071 APEC Technomart III conference, 1338(N) ApolipoproteinA-I/HDL metabolism, cubulin receptor, 656 Apoptosis, See also Neuronal apoptosis activated T cells, tumor-associated antigen, 874(NV), 938 alloreactive T cells, transplant tolerance induction, 1231(NV), 1298, 1303 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, mice, 966(L) Bax protein inhibition of, 832 caspase inhibitor effects, 97,298 environmental enrichment prevention of, 448 magnetic resonance spectroscopy tumor lipid detection implications, 1323(NT) and NF-κB inhibition of, 412 p53 independent mechanism, atherosclerosis, 335 targeted peptides, angiogenesis toxicity, cancer, 1032 Apoptosis-linked gene 4 (ALG-4), FasL regulation, 542 Arthritis bacterial DNA CpG motifs, 702 See also Rheumatoid arthritis Ascorbic acid transporters, 620(NV) Asialo-IFN-γ, hepatitis B inhibition, 577 Aspirin, angiogenesis inhibition mechanism, 1348(NV), 1418 Asthma, γδ T cells role, 1127(NV),1150 Atelocollagen, plasmid DNA delivery, 707(NT) Atherosclerosis CD40–CD154 interactions, 1313 cholesteryl ester transfer protein role, 1383 p53 inactivation effect, 335 Atypical measles, immunopathology, 629 Australia bioethics guidelines consolidation, 973(N) biomedical research budget increase, 598(N) cloning report examined by parliament, 1098(N) doctoral student drop-out problem, 721(N) genome research facility lack of funding, 366(N) primate center proposal, 133(N) research papers high citation rates, 254(N) tertiary education Green Paper, 859(N) 'Wills Report' research review, 9(N) Autoimmune diseases bisindolylmaleimide therapy, 19(NV), 42 CD8 cells epitope identification, Type 1 diabetes, 992(NV), 1026 green fluorescent protein gene transfer, T cells, 843(NT) inhibition of, 19(NV),42,90,1346(NV),1375 multiple sclerosis autoantibody identification, 153(NV), 170 NIH Office legislation, 972(N) serum amyloid P component protective effect, 607(NV), 694, 852(L) Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, 876(NV) Autoimmune T cells green fluorescent protein gene transfer, brain, 843(NT) neuroprotective role, 28(NV), 49 Autonomic circuits, obesity role, 742(NV) Azodicarbonamide, T-cell response inhibition, 947

B

 B7 family, 1345(NV) B7-H1, 1345(NV), 1365 Bacterial arthritis, DNA CpG motifs, 702 Bacterial meningitis, caspase inhibitor neuroprotection, 298 The Baltimore case, 13(B) Basal cell carcinoma, Ptch knockout mice, 1285 Bax protein, virus-induced neuronal apoptosis inhibition, 832 β-catenin trafficking, presenilin mutations, Alzheimer disease,149(NV),164 β-galactosidase-Tat fusion protein, 1133(NV) β1 integrin, chemotherapy resistance role, lung cancer, 662 β2 integrin, ICAM binding, neutrophil phagocytosis potentiation, 231 β tumor cell metastasis, NCAM reduced expression, 286 Bioethics Australia harmonizes guidelines, 973(N) and Chinese genetics, 247(L) Declaration of Helsinki review, 1094(N) WHO staff appointment, 1094(N) Bioinformatics, NIH priority, 719(N) Biosamples report, US bioethics commission, 974(N) Bisindolylmaleimide, autoimmune disease therapy, 19(NV),42 Bitter taste receptors, cloning, 381(NV) Bleeding time, P2Y1-deficient mice, 1199 Blobel, Günter, 1230(N) Blood, history of medicine and commerce, 258(B) Blood pressure, prostaglandin EP2-deficient mice, 217 Body weight regulation mahogany gene relevance, 374(NV) neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor role, 1188 Bolognesi, Dani, 362(N) Bone formation, VEGF role, 617(NV),623 Bone marrow transplantation, osteogenesis imperfecta, 262(NV), 309, 466(L) Bone regeneration, plasmid gene delivery, polymer matrix, 733(NV), 753 Books reviewed The Baltimore Case, 13 Blood; an Epic History of Medicine and Commerce, 258 Born That Way; Genes, Behavior, Personality, 259 The Brain and Emotion, 605 Cardiology: The Evolution of the Science and the Art, 1229 Chemokines and Cance r, 865 Dendritic Cells: Biology and Clinical Applications, 979 Designing Babies: The Brave New World of Reproductive Technology, 605 The Development of Human Gene Therapy, 728 The Devil's Workshop, 1343 Early Warning: Cases and Ethical Guidance for the Presymptomatic Testing of Genetic Diseases, 372 Has Feminism Changed Science?, 729 Heart Development, 260 A History of Molecular Biology, 140 The Human Eye: Structure and Function, 1229 Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues, 727 Judging Science: Scientific Knowledge and the Federal Courts, 979 Memory: From Mind to Molecules, 1343 The Molecules Within Us, 480 Of Flies, Mice and Men, 13 Opioids in Pain Control: Basic and Clinical Aspects, 371 Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind, 139 The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine, 865 The River: A Journey to the Source of HIV and AIDS, 1117 The Sceptical Witness, 980 Scientific American Molecular Neurology, 479 Textbook of Gene Therapy, 371 Tissue Engineering of Vascular Prosthetic Grafts, 1118 Transcription Factors and Human Disease, 481 Viruses and Human Cancer, 479 What Remains To Be Discovered: Mapping the Secrets of the Universe, the Origins of Life and the Future of the Human Race, 258 Borrelia burgdorferi, 1346(NV), 1375 BP 897, cocaine addiction therapy, 993(NV) Brain stem cells, differentiation, 261(NV) Brain tumors, oncolytic virus therapy and cyclophos phamide, rats, 881 Breast cancer, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 1243(NV) Bristol Myers Squibb African AIDS initiative, 599(N) Distinguished Achievement Awards, 9 Brundtland, Gro Harlem, 249(N) Busquin, Philippe, 1096(N)

C

 C5a blockade, sepsis treatment, 788 Calcineurin, and heart failure, 246(L) Calcium channel blockers, rod photoreceptor rescue, retinitis pigmentosa, 1183 Calcium dilated cardiomyopathy role, 1353(NV) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy role, mutant α- tropomyosins effect, 1413 and mtDNA oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, 951 Calpain 3 deficiency, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A, 439, 503, 849(Err) Canada clinical trial approval time shortened, ethics, 1336(N) research funds increase, 251(N) spending spree to end 'brain drain', 1336(N) xenotransplantation research activity, 361(N) Cancer Research Campaign, tobacco money stand, 125(E), 129(N) Cancer therapy dendritic cell–NK cell cross-talk, 405 FasL counterattack, 267(NV) NF-κB inhibition, 412 NSAIDs angiogenesis inhibition, 1348(NV), 1418 oncolytic viruses and cyclophosphamide, 881 pro-apoptotic peptides, angiogenesis targeting, 1032 Ras downregulation, 989 (NV) RCAS1 tumor-associated antigen role, 938 telomerase reverse transcriptase target, 1129(NV),1164 tumor necrosis factor-α neutralization, 828 Cancer vaccine antigen-presenting cell modulation, 780 CD40-stimulation component, 774 clinical trials design strategies, 1124(NV), 1171 naked, self-replicating RNA, 823 patient specificity plus granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor, 1124(NV), 1171 Cannabinergic pain modulatory system, 1243(NV) Capsid modifications, adeno-associated virus re-target- ing, 1052, 1438(Err) Carcinogenesis, natural selection role, 11(C) Cardiac failure α-cardiac myosin heavy chain mutation, 266(NV), 327 and calcineurin, 246(L), 266(NV) enterovirus protease 2A dystrophin cleavage, 266(NV), 320 intracellular calcium role, 1353(NV) prevention of, postmyocardial infarction, 1122(NV), 1135 VEGF isoforms potential use, 491(NV), 495 Cardiac function, nitric oxide synthase modulation of, 273(NV), 331 Cardiac imaging, functional, 237(NT) Cardiac myocytes α-tropomyosin-induced calcium sensitization, 1413 nitric oxide synthase role, 273(NV),331 Cardiac pressor agents, hemodynamics, 1241(NV) Cardiac rupture prevention, 1122(NV), 1135 Cardiac transplantation adenovirus-mediated gene transfer value, 1143 passenger leukocytes and microchimerism function, 1292 Cardiology, 1229(B) Cardiomyopathy α-cardiac myosin heavy chain mutation, 266(NV), 327 calcineurin role, 246(L), 266(NV) enterovirus protease 2A dystrophin cleavage, 266(NV), 320 Cardiovascular 'orphan' G protein receptor agonists, physiology, 1241(NV) Cargo processing, endoplasmic reticulum, 745(R) Caspase inhibition bacterial meningitis neuroprotection, 298 nigral transplants increased survival, 97 Caspase-3 apoptotic cascade activation, spinal cord trauma, 943 HIV-1 gene therapy, 27(NV), 29 Caspases, ALPS II genetic analysis, 876(NV) Cathepsin C, peridontal infection protective role, 1358(N) CCR5 co-receptor allo-immunization downregulation of, 1004 biochemical properties, and HIV fusion, 303, 590(Err) HIV T-cell cytopathology, 344,592(L) inhibitors of, HIV evolution danger, 740(NV),1091(L) CD4+ cells, See also HIV-specific CD4+ cells azodicarbonamide inhibition of, 947 CD40 priming of, tumor vaccine enhancement, 780 cytomegalovirus US2 protein effect on, 1039 green fluorescent protein gene transfer, brain, 843(NT) stress-induced experimental colitis role, 1178 CD8+ cells, See also HIV-specific CD8+ cells antigen-specific unresponsiveness, tumors, 677 CD40 priming, anti-tumor vaccine augmentation, 774 epitope identification, type 1 diabetes, 992(NV),1026 CD8αα receptor, cytotoxic T-cell antagonism, 399 cd39-deficient mice, hemostasis and thrombotic reactions, 987(NV), 1010 CD40 CD4+ cell priming, anti-cancer vaccine augmentation, 780 CD154 interactions, atherosclerosis progression, 1313 CTL priming, anti-cancer vaccine augmentation, 774 ymphoma eradication, CD4+ cell independence, 548 CD44-targeted differentiation therapy, acute myeloid leukemia, 619(NV), 669 CD47 ligation, chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell death induction, 1277 CD95L cDNA-transfected 'killer' dendritic cells, immunosuppression, 930 CD154 antibodies against, allograft rejection prevention, 616(NV), 686 atherosclerosis progression role, 1313 Cell enrichment, 459(NT) Cellular xenotransplantation, 852(L), 855(N) Central nervous system autoimmune T cells protective effect, 28(NV),47 stem cell differentiation, 261(NV) Cerebral ischemia, See also Stroke NAALADase inhibition neuroprotective effect, 1396 NF-κB role, 439, 503 Chemokines, and cancer, 865(B) Chemoresistance extracellular matrix protein role, lung cancer, 662 NF-κB role, 412 Children's Vaccine Initiative, 469(N) Chimeric HIV-1 clones, PCR-mediated recombination, 237(NT) Chimpanzees NIH program, 1217(L) Quebec sanctuary conflict, 718(N) China geneticists' ethical views, 247(L) HIV research funding, 364(N) HIV vaccine meeting, 1097(N) research institutes reorganization, 857(N) tobacco smoking epidemic, 15(NV) US research collaboration solicited, 858(N) Chitosan–DNA oral gene delivery, peanut allergy protection, 380(NV), 387 Cholesteryl ester transfer protein, proatherogenesis, 1383 Chondrocyte hypertrophy, VEGF expression, bone for mation, 617(NV), 623 Chromatin, serum amyloid protein control of, 607(NV), 694 Chromosome 22 sequenced, 1358(N) Chronic inflammatory disease, L-selectin mechanism, 1057 Chronic liver disease, hepatitis B virus transgenic mouse model, 907 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CD47 ligation effect, 1277 Circadian rhythmicity cocaine abuse link, 981(N) inherited tendencies, advanced sleep phase disorder, 983(NV), 1062 Cirrhosis, See Liver cirrhosis Clinical research, 477(C), 714(L), 853(L) CLOCK gene mutations, 983(NV), 1062 Cluster headache, voxel-based morphometry, 732(NV), 836 Cocaine addiction circadian locomotor activity link, 981(N) dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist therapy, 993(NV) Coffee studies, Vanderbilt University institute, 252(N) Coherent multiprobe fluorescence, 351(NT) Colon cancer suppression, MAP kinase inhibition effect, 736(NV), 810 Colorectal cancer mismatch repair signaling, 1339(NV) NSAIDs angiogenesis inhibition mechanism, 1348(NV), 1418 Complement pathway inhibition, stroke damage reduc tion, 995(NV) Conflict-of-interest problems, 713(E), 717(N) Congenital heart defects prevention, in utero gene trans fer, lambs, 141(NV), 176 Cooperation and competition in research, 1329(E) 'Cornsweet effect', 1238(NV) Coronary heart disease cholesteryl ester transfer protein role, rats, 1383 UK report, 600(N) COX 2 intestinal immune homeostasis role, 867(NV), 900 potential anti-inflammatory properties, 621(NV), 698 COX-2 inhibitors, 1348(NV), 1418 Coxsackievirus protease 2A, dystrophin cleavage, cardiomyopathy, 266(NV), 320 CpG motifs, bacterial arthritis DNA, 702 Creatine, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis neuroprotection, 347 Cristofalo, Vincent, 130(N) Crozemarie, Jacques, 722 Cubilin, epithelial apoA-I/HDL metabolism role, 656 CXCR4 co-receptor allo-immunization downregulation of, 1004 biochemical properties, and HIV fusion, 303, 590(Err) and HIV entry inhibitors, 740(NV), 1091(L) HIV T-cell cytopathology, 344, 592(L) Cyclooxygenase-2 intestinal immune homeostasis role, 867(NV), 900 potential anti-inflammatory properties, 621(NV), 698 Cyclooxygenase inhibitors, 1348(NV), 1418 Cyclophosphamide, and oncolytic virus therapy, 881 Cyclosporin A, tumor progression link, 382(NV), 714(N) Cytokine therapy, neovascularization role, 434 Cytomegalovirus US2 protein, CD4+ cell evasion, 1039 Cytotoxic T cells CD40 priming, anti-tumor vaccine augmentation, 774 FasL expression, degranulation role, 19(NV), 90 lymphoma eradication, CD40-targeted therapy, 548 SIV 'escape' hypothesis, 1233(NV), 1270 soluble CD8 antagonism of, 399

D

 Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats, 1383 'Danger hypothesis', 1232(NV), 1249 Deferiprone controversy, 2(L), 7(N), 1223(N) Demyelinating disease autoantibody identification, MS, 153(NV), 170 and hepatitis B vaccination, 964(L) Dendritic cells biology and clinical applications, 979(B) endogenous activators, 1232(NV), 1249 immunosuppression induction, CD95L cDNA transfection, 930 interferon production, precursors, 868(NV), 919 NK cell anti-tumor response trigger, 405 prion protein expression, scrapie, 1235(NV), 1308 transplantation tolerance-inducing strategies, 1245(R) 1-Deoxy-galactonojirimycin, 112 Desmin-related myopathy, 25(NV) Developing countries, tobacco smoking epidemic, 15(NV) Dexter, Mike, 597(N) Diabetes mellitus miscarriage risk, 126(L) new academic center, Novo Nordisk investment, 250(N) orally active, insulin molecule identification, 615(NV) Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent CD8 T-cell epitope identification, insulin B chain, 992(NV), 1026 NAD+ depletion link, 269(NV),314 NOD mouse model, 601(C) and PARP inactivation, 269(NV),314 Diabetes Research Working Group, 364(N) Diabetic retinopathy, 1390 Dideoxynucleoside resistance, MRP4 transporter role, 1048 Dietary antigen, intestinal immune response, COX-2 role, 867(NV), 900 DiGeorge syndrome, genetically engineered mouse model, 1120(NV) Dilated cardiomyopathy enterovirus protease 2A dystrophin cleavage, 266(NV), 320 intracellular calcium role, 1353(NV) Diltiazem, rod photoreceptor rescue, retinitis pigmentosa, 1183 DNA enzyme, Egr-1 mRNA targeting, 1264, 1438(Err) DNA microarrays, See Microarray technology DNA vaccination dangers, 126(L) immunodeficiency virus, 526 tuberculosis, 872(NV) DNAVEC gene therapy, 2(L) Dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist, cocaine addiction therapy, 993(NV) Dopaminergic neurons graft survival, caspase inhibition, 97 MPTP degenerative effects, iNOS role, 1354(NV), 1403 Downless gene cloning, 870(NV) Drug resistance antibiotics, 147(NV), 358(L) nucleoside-based antiviral drugs, 1048 Ductus arteriosus closure prevention, in utero gene transfer, 141(NV), 176 Dystrophin cleavage, enterovirus protease 2A, cardiomyopathy, 266(NV), 320

E

 E2F, vein-graft decoy role, 1353(N) Early growth response factor-1 mRNA, DNA enzyme targeting of, 1264, 1438(Err) Eastman, Richard, 129(N), 254(Corr) Ebola virus resistance, immunologic determinants, 373(NV), 423 Embryonic stem cells, See Human embryonic stem cells; Stem cells Emotions, and brain, 605(B) Endochondral ossification, vascular endothelial growth factor role, 617(NV), 623 Endoplasmic reticulum signaling integration, 745(R) Endothelial progenitor cells, neovascularization role, 434 Enterovirus protease 2A, dystrophin cleavage, cardiomyopathy, 266(NV), 320 Env protein, amino acid variation, CTL escape, SIV, 1233(NV), 1270 Environmental enrichment, 448 Ependymal stem cells, adult brain, 261(NV) Epidemics, pathogen population dynamics, Streptococcus, 924 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, 1216(L) Epithelial cells, enrichment of, 459(NT) Erythropoietic protoporphyria, gene therapy long-term cure, mice, 768 Estrogen, prolactin pathogenesis role, 1317 Estrogen surface receptor, 1330(L) mitogen-activated protein kinase link, 1130(NV) Ethics, See Bioethics Ewing tumor fusion transcript EWS/FLI1, viral gene induction, 991(NV), 1076, 1331(L) Excitotoxic necrosis, PS1 knock-in mice, neurons, 101 Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, myelin damage, autoantibody identification, 53(NV), 170 Experimental colitis, stress-induced reactivation, CD4+ cells role, 1178 Extracellular matrix proteins, chemotherapy resistance mechanism, 662 The eye, structure and function, 1229(B)

F

 Fabry disease, α-galactosidase A enhancement, 112 Factor VIII, alloantibody proteolysis, hemophilia A, 1044 Factor IX gene AAV delivery, hemophilia B, 21(NV),56,64 Familial adenomatous polyposis, APC somatic mutation determinant, 1071 Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, See Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Familial platelet disorder, 1356(NV) Fas ligand apoptosis-linked gene 4 regulation of, 542 bisindolylmaleimide apoptosis facilitation, 19(NV),42 degranulation regulation of, 19(NV),90 subretinal angiogenesis control, 292 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes apoptosis induction, 267 Febrile seizures, persistent neuronal modification, devel oping brain, 871(NV), 888 Feeding behavior versus autonomic circuits, obesity, 742(NV) neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor role, 1188 Feminism, influence on science, 729(B) Fertility, prostaglandin EP2-deficient mice, 217 Fetal gene therapy, pros and cons, 245(E), 255, 256(C) Fetal immunization, baboons, 427 Fibrinogen-coated albumin microparticles, thrombocytopenia treatment, rabbits, 17(NV),107 Fibroblast growth factor, prolactinoma pathogenesis, 1317 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, adeno-associated virus 2 co-receptor, 71 Fibronectin synthesis block, in utero gene transfer, heart defect prevention, 141(NV), 176 Financial conflicts of interest, 713(E), 717(N) Finn2 Alzheimer disease pedigree, 1090(L) Fludarabine, STAT1 signaling inhibition, 444 Food allergy protection, oral gene delivery, 380(NV), 387 Food and Drug Administration research base strengthening, 133(N) UK blood donation ban, 720 Forensic science, 980(B) Freedom of Information Act, 8(N) Friend virus vaccine, lymphocyte subset requirements, 189 Functional cardiac imaging, 237(NT)

G

 GABAA receptor and anxiety, mouse model, 1131(NV) febrile seizure persistent modification, developing brain, 871(NV), 888 temporal lobe epilepsy, 590(Err) Gallbladder tumors, transforming growth factor β1 expression, 1203 γδ T cells, airway responsiveness downregulation, 1127(NV), 1150 Gates, Bill, 857(N) Gene activated matrix, and gene therapy, bone regeneration, 733(N), 753 Gene expression, microgravity conditions, 359(L) Gene mapping, cancer cells, 24(NV) Gene therapy adeno-associated virus capsid modifications, 1052, 1438(Err) congenital heart defect prevention in utero, 245(E), 255, 256(C) chronic brain inflammation induction, Adv/HSV-1-TK, 1237(NV), 1256 development of, 728(B) erythropoietic protoporphyria, mice, 768 germline risk, 245(E), 255, 256(C) hemophilia B, AAV factor IX gene delivery, 21(NV), 56, 64 HIV protease target, 27(NV), 29 in utero pros and cons, 245(E), 255, 256(C) limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, 439 liver cirrhosis, hepatocyte growth factor, 226 peanut allergy protection, 380(NV), 387 textbook, 371(B) Gene transfer fibronectin block, heart defect prevention, 141(NV), 176 green fluorescent protein, brain-specific T cells, 843(NT) Genetic diseases, presymptomatic testing, 372(B) Genetic testing, British insurers, 974(N) Genome patenting, 1223 George, Charles, 597(N) Geriatric cancer research, apathy in, 971(N) Germany new rules for academic professors, 974(N) science funding cutbacks, 971(N) science ministry increased budget, 253(N) Germline gene therapy, pros and cons, in utero, 245(E), 255, 256(C) Geron Bio-Med, 595(N) Glioma gene therapy chronic brain inflammation complication, 1256(NV), 1256 MRS lipid detection, apoptosis detection implications, 1323(NT) Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, 1089(E) Glucocorticoids, anti-inflammatory mediators up regulation, 1424 gp41 block, HIV entry inhibitor design, 1133(NV) Graft-versus-host disease, 839 Grafts, See Transplantation Granulocyte–monocyte colony-stimulating factor, lymphoma vaccination, 1124(NV), 1171 Green fluorescent protein gene transfer, 843(NT) Green tea, tumor invasion suppression, 1216(L) Group A Streptococcus epidemics, pathogen dynamics, 924

H

 HAART, See Highly active anti-retroviral therapy Headache, voxel-based morphometry, 732(NV), 836 Heart defects, congenital, in utero gene transfer, 141(NV), 176 Heart development, 260(B) Heart failure, See Cardiac failure Heart transplantation, See Cardiac transplantation Hematopoiesis, Runt domain role, 1356(NV) Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, breast cancer, 1243(NV) Hemophilia A, factor VIII alloantibody proteolysis, 1044 Hemophilia B, adeno-associated virus factor IX gene delivery, 21(NV), 56, 64 Hemostasis, cd39-deficient mice, 987(NV), 1010 Henney, Jane, 133(N) Heparanase cloning and functional characterization, 735(NV), 793, 803 pro-metastatic role, 735(NV), 793, 803 Hepatitis B asialo-IFN-γ inhibition of, 577 immune response, animal models, 907, 1125(NV) transgenic mouse model, liver disease, 907 Hepatitis B vaccination baboons, in utero, 426 demyelinating disease incidence, 964(L) Hepatitis B virus transgenic mouse model, chronic liver disease, 907 Hepatocyte growth factor, liver cirrhosis gene therapy, 226 HER-2/neu, androgen receptor cross-talk, prostate cancer, 264(NV), 280 Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, mismatch repair signaling, 1239(NV) High-density lipoprotein endocytosis, cubulin receptor, 656 Highly active anti-retroviral therapy CD4+ cells latent infection, 512, 518, 609(NV) interleukin-2 combination therapy, 611(NV), 651 ongoing HIV dissemination, 1099(C) resistance to, MRP4 transporter, 1048 T-cell production systems focus, 27(NV), 83 Hippocampal neurons apoptosis prevention, meningitis, 298 excitotoxic necrosis, PS-1 knock-in mice, 101 HIV-1 CCR5 co-receptor, See CCR5 co-receptor HIV-1 chimeric clones, PCR-mediated recombination, 237(NT) HIV-1 CXCR4 co-receptor, See CXCR4 co-receptor HIV-1 entry inhibitors gp41 targeting, 1133(NV) HIV virulence increase danger, 740(NV), 1091(L), 1330(L) HIV-1 infection CTL 'escape' hypothesis, 1233(NV),1270 CXCR4/CCR5 biochemical properties link, 303 lifelong persistence, CD4+ cells, 512 HIV-1 Nef protein, See Nef protein HIV-1 pathogenesis CD4+ production systems focus, 27(NV), 83 and immune response evasion, 723(C) in vivo evolution role, 488(NV), 535 HIV-1 protease, gene therapy target, 27(NV), 29 HIV-1 replication allo-immunization effect, 1004 persistence of, 723(C) SAM68 mutants inhibition of, 635, 849(Err) virus-specific CTLs role, 27(NV), 34 HIV-specific CD4+ cells adoptive transfer, HIV treatment potential, 27(NV), 34 allo-immunization strategy, infectivity decrease, 1004 CCR5- and CXCR4-trophic HIV cytopathology, 344 directly measured kinetics, 27(NV), 83 HAART therapy limits, 483(NV), 512, 518, 609(NV) HIV 'hideout' role, 1358(N) interleukin-1-HAART combination therapy, 611(NV), 651 latent infection persistence, 483(NV), 512, 518, 609(NV) Nef protein chemotaxis and activation mediation, macrophage role, 985(NV), 997 production/destruction controversy, 27(NV), 83 HIV-specific CD8+ cells adoptive transfer, treatment potential, 27(NV), 34 allo-immunization effect, 1004 directly measured kinetics, 27(NV), 83 HIV-1 Tat protein vaccine induction of, 612(NV), 643 HIV-1 Tat protein blood–brain barrier permeability, 1133(NV) vaccine use, 612(NV),643 HIV-1 therapy, See also Highly active anti-retroviral therapy cytotoxic T cell adoptive transfer, 27(NV), 34 gene therapy approach, 27(NV), 29 resistance to, MRP4 transporter, 1048 T-cell production systems focus, 27(NV), 83 HIV-1 vaccine allo-immunization strategy, 1004 Beijing meeting, 1097(N) DNA priming and recombinant pox virus, 526 HIV replication persistence challenge, 723(C) IAVI research initiative, 5(N) live attenuated SIV prototype, risk, 154(NV), 194 SHIV DH12-specific neutralizing antibodies, 142(NV), 204, 211 South African plans, 252(N) Tat protein use, 612(NV), 643 Holt-Oram syndrome, 853(L) Hospital for Sick Children, deferiprone controversy, 2(L), 7(N) HTLV-I provirus DNA, Andean mummy, 1428 Human cloning research public mistrust, 10(N) Roslin Institute reports, 253(N) Human embryonic stem cells Italian clamp-down, 720 politics, ethics, and medical progress, 1339(C) potential applications, 151(NV), 975(C) research ban, scientists appeal, 6(N) therapeutic cloning, 975(C) UK government indecision, 855(N) US debate heats up, 366(N) Human Frontier Science Program, 7(N) Human genome sequencing, rivals square off, 471(N) Human research, ethical standards, 591(E) Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I provirus DNA, Andean mummy, 1428 Huntington disease, lymphoblast apoptosis, mitochondr ial depolarization, 1194 Hyperlipidemia, cholesteryl ester transfer protein role, rats, 1383 Hypertension cholesteryl ester transfer protein role, rats, 1383 prostaglandin EP2-deficient mice, 217 Hyperthermia-induced seizures, persistent neuronal modification, developing brain, 871(NV), 888 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy α-cardiac myosin heavy chain mutation, 266(NV), 327 α-tropomyosin-induced calcium sensitization, 1413 calcineurin role, 246(L), 266(NV)

I

 ICAM-β2 integrin binding, neutrophil phagocytosis potentiation, 231 IκBα/NF-κB pathway, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, 439, 503, 849(Err) Immune 'interference' effect, 565 Immunoglobulin A nephropathy prevention, uteroglobin role, mice, 1018 Immunology research, US lead threatened, 471(N) Immunosuppressive drugs, design of, 1243(NV) In utero gene therapy, pros and cons, 245(E), 255, 256(C) In utero immunization, baboons, 427 India animal activists delay primate trial, 1098(N) appeal to expatriate neuroscientists, 1222(N) vaccine development program, 970(N) World Bank backs AIDS program, 1096(N) Infertility, prostaglandin EP2-deficient mice, 217 Inflammatory response suppression, L-selectin mechanism, 1057 Influenza A virus, 484(NV) China as origin of, 384(NV) vaccine development, 1119(NV), 1157 Ingelfinger rule, 357(E) Institute for Global Health, 860(N) Institute for Molecular Oncology, 973(N) Insulin, orally active, small molecule identification, 614(NV) Insulin B chain autoantigen identification, type 1 diabetes, 992(NV), 1026 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, See Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, VEGF relationship, retinal neovascularization, 1390 Integrins, ICAM binding, neutrophil phagocytosis potentiation, 231 Interferon type 1, plasmocytoid monocyte production of, 868(NV), 919 Interleukin-1 receptor, mental retardation role, 1133(NV) Interleukin-4 toxin, AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma treatment, 738(NV),817 Interleukin-10, B1-H1 stimulation of, 1345(NV),1365 Intermediate filaments, small heat shock protein chaper one requirement, 25(NV) International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, 5(N) Intestinal immune response, COX-2 role, 867(NV), 900 Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, 377(NV), 431, 593(L), 1133(NV) Ion channels, 1105(C) Ireland, National Cancer Institute agreement, 1221(N) Ischemic brain injury, NAALADase inhibition neuropro tective effect, 1396 Ischemic cardiomyopathy, VEGF isoforms potential use, 491(NV),495 Ischemic tissue neovascularization, endothelial progeni tor cells, 434 Istituto Superiore della Sanità, 858(N),967(L) Italian National Research Council reform, 132(N) Italy biotechnology industry rebuff, 363(N) fertility research clamp-down, 720(N) Institute for Molecular Oncology, 973(N) private research funding challenge, 135(C) rare diseases increased focus, 472(N) research institute decree, 858(N),967(L) university spending monitoring groups created, 1222(N) Ito, Yoichi, 474(N)

J

 Japan biomedical research reorganization, 365(N) clinical trial numbers boost, 860(N) cloning regulators criticized, 1221(N) experimental tissue regulation, 473(N) first xenotransplantation conference, 1335(N) influenza vaccinations, 592(N) "Millennium Project," 1095(N) Science and Technology Basic Plan debate, 597(N) obacco tragedy, 1091 Joint inflammation downregulation, L-selectin mechanism, 1057 Joint Infrastructure Fund, biomedical benefits, 596(N)

K

 Kaposi's sarcoma, IL-4 toxin treatment, 738(NV), 817 Kidney development, 22(NV) Kidney transplants NIAID begins clinical tolerance trials, 470(N) rejection prevention, antibodies against CD154, 616(NV), 686 'Killer' dendritic cells, immunosuppression, 930 Knock-in PS1 mice, neuron excitotoxic necrosis vulnerability, 101 Knudson's 'two-hit' hypothesis, 1071

L

 Laser capture microdissection, 117(NT) Lasker Awards, 1105, 1110, 1113 Latent HIV-1 infection, 512 Leech neurons, dynamic computer calculations, 722(N) Lep expression, tissue-specific autoregulation, 895 Leptin neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor role, 1188 obesity role, 742(NV) tissue-specific Lep regulation, 895 Leukemic blast cells, CD44-targeted differentiation therapy, 619(NV), 669 Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, 439,503,849(Err) Lincoln, Abraham, DNA access denied, 859(N) Lipopolysaccharide resistance, Toll-like receptor mutations, 144(NV) Live attenuated vaccines lymphocyte subset requirements, Friend virus, 189 multiply deleted SIV risk, 154(NV), 194, 590(Err) Liver cirrhosis, hepatocyte growth factor gene therapy, 226 Liver disease, See Chronic liver disease Long-extension PCR, dangers in the clinic, 965(L) Luminance perception, 1238(N) Lyme disease, autoantigen and T-cell epitopes identification, 1346(NV), 1375 Lymphoblast apoptosis, Huntington disease, mitochondrial depolarization, 1194 Lymphoma CD40-targeted therapy, 548 patient-specific vaccination plus GM-CSF, 1124(NV), 1171 Lymphotoxin pathway blockade, virus-induced shock re versal, 1370

M

 M2 protein, influenza vaccine basis, 1119(NV),1157 Macrophage-tropic HIV, and CXCR4/CCR5 biochemical properties, fusion, 303, 590(Err) Magnetic resonance imaging, neuronal fiber tracking, 1133(NV) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, tumor lipid detection, apoptosis detection implications, 1323(NT) Mahogany cloning, obesity application, 374(NV) Malaria European Commission decision surprise, 1333(N) immunity development, 272(NV), 340 Medicines for Malaria Venture critics, 1334(N) vaccine future, Europe, 969(N) Wellcome Trust report, 1334(N) Malawi, Africa, research center, 253(N) MAP kinase inhibition, tumor growth suppression, 736(NV), 810 Marijuana, US research policy shift, 721(N) MART-1-specific T cells, characterization, 677 Matrix metalloproteinase-inhibitor TIMP-1, 1122(NV), 1135 MCP Hahnemann University, 130(N) Mdm2, Arf control of, 490(NV) Measles immunopathology, 629 Mechanical ventilation, neural control, 1433(NT) Medical journalism, 357(E) Medical records, US ruling, research implications, 1337(N) Medicines for Malaria Venture, 1334(N) Melanocortin response, POMC-null mice, obesity, 984(NV), 1066 Melanoma, tumor-associated antigen-specific T cells, 677 Mental illness, and brain science, 1113(C) Mental retardation, IL-1 receptor role, 1133(NV) MERRF mutation, mitochondrial calcium signaling, 951 Mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenesis imperfecta therapy, 262(NV), 309, 466(L) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 147(NV) Microarray technology, and laser capture microdissection, 117(NT) Microchimerism, allograft acceptance functional relevance, 1292 Microgravity cultures, gene expression, 359(L) Minipellet plasma DNA delivery system, 707(NT) Minor histocompatibility antigen-specific CTLs, graft-versus-host disease, 839 Minority groups cancer research criticism, 254(N) neuroscience research, 600(N) Mismatch repair signaling, tumor development, 1239(NV) Mitochondrial depolarization, lymphoblast apoptosis, Huntington disease, 1194 Mitochondrial DNA disorders calcium signaling defect, 951 mouse model, 957 Mitogen-activated protein kinase estrogen surface receptor link, 1130(NV) inhibition of, tumor suppression, 736(NV), 810 MOG-specific autoantibodies, multiple sclerosis mechanism, 153(NV), 170 Molecular biology, history, 140(B) Molecular medicine, 477(C), 714(L) Molecular mimicry, chronic Lyme disease, 1346(NV), 1375 Monocytes, HIV-1 fusion, CXCR4 biochemistry, 303, 590(Err) Morphine, in pain control, 371(B) Mouse model, mitochondrial DNA disease, 957 MPTP Parkinson disease model, iNOS knockout mice, 1354(NV), 1403 Multiple-primer-induced overlapping amplification assay, 1081(NT) Multiple sclerosis, myelin damage, autoantibody identification, 153(NV), 170 Mycobacterium tuberculosis , antibiotic resistance, 358(L) Myelin basic protein-specific T cells, 28(NV), 49 Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibodies, MS, 153(NV), 170 Myocardial angiogenesis, VEGF isoforms potential use, 491(NV), 495 Myocardial infarction, cardiac rupture prevention, 1122(NV), 1135 Myopia, 879(NV)

N

 NAALADase inhibition, ischemic brain injury protection, 1396 NAD+ depletion, type 1 diabetes role, 269(NV), 314 Naked RNA vaccine, cancer therapy, 823 Narcolepsy, 981(N) NARP mutation, mitochondrial calcium signaling, 951 National Cancer Institute, minority group research, criticism, 254(N) National Health Service research collaboration, 473(N) National Heart Forum report, 600(N) National Institutes of Health (US) bioinformatics priority, 719(N) conflict-of-interest investigation, 129(N), 254(Corr) grant system overhaul proceeds, 1219(N) PhD plan dropped, 1098(N) PhD program established, 719(N) public input, benefits of, 1097(N) social science research importance, 600(N) transplant tolerance project, 1222(N) Natural killer cells FasL expression, degranulation role, 19(NV), 90 dendritic cells trigger of, antitumor response, 405 Natural selection, tumorigenesis role, 11(C) nef-deleted SIV vaccine, 154(NV), 194 Nef protein amino acid variation, CTL escape, SIV, 1233(NV),1270 HIV-1 macrophage infection, lymphocyte chemotaxis and activation, 985(NV), 997 Neovascularization, endothelial progenitor cells, 434 Nephrin gene, 22(NV) Neural apoptosis Bax inhibition of, 832 caspase inhibitor prevention, meningitis, 298 environmental enrichment preventive effect, 448 NMDA receptor blockade, 270(NV) Neural cell adhesion molecule, β tumor cell metastasis role, 286 Neural grafts, apoptosis reduction, caspase inhibition, 97 Neural regeneration, 734(NV) Neural stem cell differentiation, adult brain, 261(NV) Neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor, body weight and food intake regulation, 1188 Neuroprotective benefits, autoimmune T cells, 28(NV),49 Neutrophil phagocytosis potentiation, ICAM-β2 integrin binding, 231 Neutrophils, L-selectin shedding, inflammatory response suppression, 1057 Nevirapine use hurdles, developing countries, 1093 New York encephalitis virus mystery, 1243(NV) NF-κB cell death promotion, cerebral ischemia, 554 chemoresistance role, 412 limb girdle muscular dystrophy, 439, 503 Nigral transplants, apoptosis reduction, caspase inhibition, 97 Nitric oxide synthase cardiac function modulation, 273(NV),331 and MPTP Parkinson disease model, knockout mice, 1354(NV), 1403 NMDA receptor blockade, neural apoptosis, perinatal brain, 270(NV) No-consent trials, 250(N) Non-obese diabetic mouse model, 601(C) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiogenesis inhibition mechanism, 1348(NV), 1418 Novartis Pharma, academic research funding expanded, 1337(N) Novo Nordisk, academic research investment, 250(N) Nucleoside-based antiviral drug resistance, MRP4 role, 1048

O

 Obesity autonomic circuits versus feeding, 742(NV) and mahogany gene cloning, 374(NV) melanocortin response, POMC-null mice, 984(NV), 1066 Ogden, Russel, 1224(N) Olefsky, Jerrold, 1098(N) Olivieri, N., 2(L), 7(N), 1223(N) Oncogene-specific therapeutics, Ras downregulation, 989 Oncolytic virus therapy, and cyclophosphamide, 881 Opioids, in pain control, 371(B) Optic nerve injury, autoimmune T cells protective effect, 28(NV), 49 Oral polio vaccine/AIDS hypothesis, 1117(B) Oral tolerance, COX-2 role, 867(NV),900 Orally active insulin molecule, 614(NV) Orexins, 981(N) Organ transplantation, See Transplantation 'Orphan' G protein-coupled receptor agonists, cardiovascular physiology, 1241(NV) Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging, 1209(NT) Osteogenesis, Runt domain role, 1356(NV) Osteogenesis imperfecta, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, 262(NV), 309, 466(L) Ovarian carcinoma, RCAS1 tumor-associated antigen role, 874(NV), 938 Oxford International Biomedical Centre, 363(N)

P

 P2Y1-deficient mice, ADP-induced platelet effects, 1199 p16INK4a senescence gene, rheumatoid arthritis treatment, 731(NV), 760 p53 inactivation, atherogenesis role, 335 Papillon-Lefevre syndrome, 1358(N) Passenger leukocytes, allograft acceptance function, 1292 Pancreatic beta-cell destruction, PARP inactivation effect, 269(NV), 314 Pancreatic beta tumor cell metastasis, NCAM reduced expression, 286 Parkinson disease MPTP model, iNOS knockout mice, 1354(NV), 1403 neural graft survival, caspase inhibition, 97 thalamocortical "dysrhythmias," 1349(NV) PARP deficiency, type 1 diabetes resistance, 269(NV), 314 Patched inactivation, basal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis, 1285 PCR-mediated recombination, HIV-1 chimeric clones, 237(NT) Peanut allergy protection, oral gene delivery, 380(NV), 387 Periaqueductal gray, pain modulation, 1243(NV) Peridontal infection, cathepsin C protective role, 1358(N) Personality, genetics, 259(B) Pesticide testing, humans, US subcommittee indecision, 972(N) 'Phen-fen' diet drugs, conflict-of-interest lawsuit, 717(N) Pituitary tumor transforming gene, prolactinoma patho genesis, 1317 Plasmacytoid monocytes, type 1 interferon production, 868(NV), 919 Plasmid DNA bone regeneration therapy, 733(NV), 753 delivery system, 707(NT) Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, cardiac rupture prevention, 1122(NV), 1135 Platelet substitutes, thrombocytopenia treatment, 17(NV), 107 Platelets cd39-deficient mice, 987(NV), 1010 P2Y1-deficient mice, 1199 Pluripotent stem cells, See Stem cells Pneumococcal meningitis, caspase inhibitor neuroprotection, 298 POMC-null mice, melanocortin response, obesity, 984(NV), 1066 Population-based epidemiological research, 853(L) Population growth, 1215(E) Porcine endogenous retrovirus, FDA xenotransplants report, 855(N) Potassium channel, 1105(C) pp32 species, prostate cancer modulation, 264(NV), 275 Precursor dendritic cells, interferon production, 868(NV), 919 Presenilin 1 knock-in mice, neuron excitotoxic necrosis vulnerability, 101 Presenilin mutations accelerated neurodegeneration, transgenic mice, 560 β-catenin trafficking, Alzheimer disease, 149(NV), 164 Presidential DNA, access denied, 859(N) President's Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS, 1220(N) PREST report, 131(N) Prion protein, follicular dendritic cell production, 1235(NV), 1308 Prion replication, 486(NV) Pro-apoptotic peptides, angiogenesis targeting, cancer, 1032 Progressive subcortical gliosis, tau gene mutation, 454 Prolactinoma pathogenesis, 1317 Pro-opiomelanocortin null mice, melanocortin response, obesity, 984(NV), 1066 Prostaglandin EP2-deficient mice reduced fertility, 217 salt-sensitive hypertension, 217 Prostate cancer HER-2/neu-androgen receptor cross-talk, 264(NV), 280 modulation by pp32 alternate species, 264(NV), 275, 1087(Corr) Protein chaperones, and intermediate filament structural integrity, 25(NV) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, vaccine strategy, 378(NV), 392 Ptch knockout mice, basal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis, 1285 Public relations, 357(E) Pulmonary hemostasis, γδ T cells role, 1127(NV), 1150

R

 Radionuclide (Ta-178) ventriculography, 237(NT) C- raf antisense, anti-tumor activity-correction, 127(L) Randomized controlled clinical trials database, 1224(N) RANTES, HIV allo-immunization effect, 1004 Rare diseases, Italy's increased focus on, 472(N) Ras downregulation, oncogene specific therapy, 989 RCAS1 tumor-associated antigen, 874(NV), 938 Reactive oxygen species, thalidomide teratogenicity, 489(NV), 582, 715(L) Recombinant pox virus immunization, immunodeficiency virus challenges, 526 Renal transplants NIAID begins clinical tolerance trials, 470(N) rejection prevention, antibodies against CD154, 616(NV), 686 Reproductive technology, 605(B) Research assessment exercise (RAE) score, 251(N) Research ethics, See Bioethics Retinal neovascularization FasL control of, 292 IGF-1 and VEGF receptors relationship, 1390 Retinitis pigmentosa, diltiazem rod photoreceptor rescue, 1183 Retinoid acid pre-treatment, UV irradiation damage prevention, 376(NV), 418, 849(Err) Retroviruses, live attenuated vaccine design, 189 Rev protein, Sam68 synergy, HIV-1 replication, 635, 849(Err) RGS7, TNF-α upregulation of, sepsis, 877(NV), 913 Rheumatoid arthritis, p16INK4a senescence gene treatment, 731(NV), 760 Rho-associated kinase, tumor cell invasion role, 221 RNA anti-tumor vaccine, 823 ROCK protein kinases, tumor cell invasion role, 221 Roizman, Bernard, 9(N) Roslin Bio-Med, 595(N) Roslin Institute, human cloning reports, 253(N) Ross, Russell, 475(Obit) Rotating wall vessel, 359(L) Runt domain, 1356(NV)

S

 Salmonella, silver resistance molecular basis, 183 Salt-sensitive hypertension, PGE2 EP2 receptor, 217 Sam68 mutants, HIV-1 inhibition, 635,849(Err) San Raffaele Institute, 135(C) Sarcoglycan complex restoration, AAV vector, 439 SCA8 expansion, 383(NV) Schistosome infection, acquired immunity development, 1225(C) Schizophrenia, Novartis Pharma research funding, 1337(N) sCR1sLex hybrid molecule, stroke treatment, 995(NV) Scrapie pathogenesis, follicular dendritic cells role, 1235(NV), 1308 Seizure prevention, environmental enrichment link, 448 L-selectin, inflammatory response downregulation mechanism, 1057 Selection mechanism, tumorigenesis, 11(C) Senescence gene p16INK4a, rheumatoid arthritis treatment, 731(NV), 760 Sepsis treatment of, C5a blockade, 788 tumor necrosis factor-induced CNS changes, 877(NV), 913 Septic arthritis, bacterial DNA CpG motifs, 702 Septicemia, Toll-like receptor role, 144(NV) Serum amyloid P component, 607(NV), 694, 852(L) Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, 857(N) Signal hypothesis, 1230(N) Silver resistance, Salmonella molecular basis, 183 Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) CTL 'escape' hypothesis, 1233(NV),1270 HIV-1 Tat protein vaccine protection, 612(NV), 643 in vivo evolution, AIDS progression, 488(NV), 535 Simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine envelope-specific antibodies, HIV-1/SIV chimeric virus, 142(NV), 204, 211 live attenuated form, risk, 154(NV), 194, 590(Err) Sin nombre virus, 1370 Skin carcinogenesis, tumor necrosis factor-α role, 828,1087(Err) Sleep circadian rhythm genetics, 983(NV), 1062 tumor necrosis factor role, sepsis, 877(NV), 913 Small cell lung cancer, chemotherapy resistance mechanism, 662 Small heat shock protein chaperone mutations, 25(N) Smallpox stocks, research focus, 474(N) The SNP Consortium, 471(N) South Africa HIV treatment decision, pregnant women, 1(E) HIV vaccine grants awarded, 1220(N) HIV vaccine initiative, 252(N) South African Medical Research Council, 367(C) Spain new cancer research center, 722(N) researchers reject xeno-moratorium, 361(N) 'Spanish' flu virus, 384(NV), 484(NV), 1351(NV) Spinal cord injury caspase-3 apoptotic cascade activation, 943 transplanted stem cell effects, rats, 1410 Spinal cord regeneration, 734(NV) Spinocerebellar ataxia-8 expansion, 383(NV) Stanford University, cross-disciplinary biomedical research gift, 1338(N) STAT1 inhibition, fludarabine role, 444 Steady-state cultures, gene expression, 359(L) Stem cells, See also Human embryonic stem cells differentiation in adult brain, 261(NV) osteogenesis imperfecta therapy, 262(NV), 309 politics, ethics, and medical progress, 1339(C) spinal cord transplantation, rats, 1410 transplantation of, breast cancer, 1243(NV) Streptococcus epidemics, pathogen dynamics, 924 Streptozocin-induced diabetes, 269(NV), 314 Stress-induced experimental colitis reactivation, CD4+ cells role, 1178 Stroke complement cascade inflammatory response, inhibition of, 995(NV) NAALADase inhibition neuroprotective effect, 1396 NF-κB role, 439, 503 Stromelysin-1 repression, Tet-induced transformation, 990(NV) Substantia nigra, See Nigral transplants Sweet taste receptors, cloning, 381(NV) Systemic lupus erythematosus, serum amyloid P component protective effect, 607(NV), 694, 852(L)

T

 T cells, See CD4+ cells; CD8+ cells apoptosis of, transplantation tolerance induction, 1231(NV), 1298, 1303 autoimmunity inhibition, BIS VIII, 19(NV), 42 epitope identification, Lyme disease, 1346(NV), 1375 FasL expression regulation, 19(NV), 90 HIV tropism, CXCR4 biochemistry, 303 neuroprotective role, 'benign autoimmunity', 28(NV), 49 priming interference, altered peptide ligands, 565 proliferation of, B7-H1 co-stimulation, 1345(NV), 1365 Ta-178 radionuclide ventriculography, 237(NT) Taste receptors, cloning, 381(NV) TAT-Casp3 protein, 27(NV), 29 Tat protein blood–brain barrier permeability, 1133(NV) HIV-1 vaccine, 612(NV), 643 Tau mutation, progressive subcortical gliosis, 454 Telomerase inhibition, human cancer cell death, 1129(NV), 1164 Temporal lobe epilepsy, GABAA receptor expression, 590(Err) Tenureship controversy, German professors, 974 Tetracycline-induced transformation, stromelysin-1 repression, 990(NV) Thailand AIDS drug trials, 1217(L) animal welfare regulation, 722(N) Thalamocortical rhythms, neurological disorders, 1349(NV) Thalidomide, teratogenic mechanism, 489(NV), 582, 715(L), 853(L) Thrombocytopenia, platelet substitutes show promise, 17(NV), 107 Thromboembolism resistance, P2Y1-deficient mice, 1199 Thromboregulation, cd39-deficient mice, 987(NV), 1010 Thymosin β4 sulfoxide, anti-inflammation mechanism, 1424 Tissue engineering, and gene therapy, bone regeneration, 733(NV), 753 TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, tumoricidal activity, 146(NV), 157 Tobacco control increased activity, 851(E) settlement fund spending on, States, 1096(N) UK, EU, and US activity, 16(NV) World Bank report, 596(N) Tobacco money, Cancer Research Campaign stand, 125(E), 129(N) Tobacco settlement cancer centers interest, US, 10(N) and State spending, 1096(N) Tobacco smoking growing epidemic, 15(NV) Japan's tragedy, 1091(L) Toll-like receptor mutations, lipopolysaccharide resistance, 144(NV) Trachoma, antibiotic treatment modeling, 492(NV), 572 TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), tumoricidal activity, 146(NV),157 Transforming growth factor β1, angiogenesis and tumor suppression, 1203 Transplantation embryonic nigral tissue, caspase inhibition, 97 embryonic stem cells, spinal cord injury, 1410 NIAID clinical tolerance trials begin, 470(N) NIH tolerance induction project, 1222(N) passenger leukocytes and microchimerism function, 1292 renal allografts, rejection prevention, 616(NV), 686 tolerance induction, T-cell apoptosis, 1231(NV), 1298, 1303 tolerance mechanisms, 1245(R) Traumatic spinal cord injury, caspase-3 apoptotic cascade activation, 943 Trichoblastomas, ptch knockout mice, 1285 Trinucleotide expansions, and spinocerebellar ataxia-8, 383(NV) Tuberculosis death and resurrection, 872(NV) DNA vaccine utility, 872(NV) and inequality, 727(B) Tumor-associated antigen-specific T cells, 677 Tumor cell invasion heparanase function, 735(NV), 793, 803 Rho-associated kinase role, 221 Tumor growth suppression green tea role, 1216(L) transforming growth factor β1, gallbladder, 1203 Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, apoptosis induction, FasL expression, 267 Tumor maintenance and regression, Ras mutation model, 989(NV) Tumor metastasis heparanase function, 735(NV), 793, 803 Rho-associated kinase role, 221 Tumor necrosis factor-* alcohol damage role, 1243(NV) RGS7 upregulation, sepsis, 877(NV), 913 kin carcinogenesis role, 828, 1087(Err) Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, 146(NV), 157 Tumorigenesis, natural selection role, 11(C) 'Two-hit' hypothesis, familial adenomatous polyposis, 1071 Type 1 diabetes, See Diabetes mellitus, insulin- dependent Type 1 interferon, plasmacytoid monocyte production of, 868(NV), 919 Tyrosinase-specific T cells, 677

U

 UFD1L mutations, DiGeorge syndrome, 1120(NV) Uganda, AIDS reduction lessons, 963(E), 1217(L) Ultraviolet irradiation, retinoic acid pre-treatment effect, 376(NV), 418, 849(Err) University of Minnesota AIDS drug suit settlement, 1224(N) cocaine grant money repayment, 721(N) Urotensin-II, 1241(NV) Uterine carcinoma, RCAS1 tumor-associated antigen role, 874(NV), 938 Uteroglobin, immunoglobulin a nephropathy prevention, mice, 1018

V

 Vaccination baboons, in utero, 427 childhood safety, Congressional hearings, 970(N) Vaccine development, See also Cancer vaccine; HIV-1 vaccine global coalition, 249(N) global initiatives, 1089(E) India, 970(N) R&D investment value, 469(N) Varmus, Harold, 1219(N) Vascular endothelial growth factor bone formation role, 617(NV),623 clinical applications, 1359(R) retinal neovascularization regulation by IGF-1 receptor, 1390 re-vascularization potential, isoforms, 491(NV),495 Vascular prosthetic grafts, tissue engineering, 1118(B) Vasoconstrictor agents, hemodynamics, 1241(NV) Viral genes, Ewing tumor fusion transcript induction, 991(NV), 1076 Viral vector purification, 587(NT) Virus-induced shock reversal, lymphotoxin pathway blockade, 1370 Viruses, and human cancer, 479(B) Vitamin A deficiency, UV irradiation effect, prevention, 376(NV), 418, 849(Err) Vitamin C transporters, 620(NV) VITIT peptide, 1243(NV) Voxel-based morphometry, cluster headache, 732(NV), 836 vpr-deleted SIV vaccine, 154(NV), 194

W

 WASp function, 1128(NV) Wellcome Trust African research center, 253(N) biomedical research strategy, 861(C) genome-sequencing facilities potential sites, 1097(N) malaria research report, 1334(N) researcher salary increase, 597(N) Wikler, Dan, 1094 William H. Gates Foundation, 857(N) 'Wills Report', 9(N) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 1128(NV) Women doctorates increase, American universities, 1337(N) HIV allo-immunization, 1004 World Conference on Science, 859 World Disasters Report 1999, 860(N) World Medical Association, medical research guidelines revision, 598(N)

X

 Xenogeneic cells, 852(L), 855(N) Xenotransplantation Canadian research activity, 361(N) cellular level, 852(L) FDA findings, PERV transmission, 855(N) Japan hosts conference, 1335(N) Spanish researchers reject moratorium, 361(N) US guidelines, 476(E) WHO hosts Web discussion, 595(N)

Z

 Ziagen patent lawsuit settlement, 1224(N)