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Identification of a new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 distinct from group M and group O

Abstract

A highly divergent HIV-1 isolate, designated YBF 30, was obtained in 1995 from a 40-year-old Cameroonian woman with AIDS. Depending on the genes studied, phylogenetic analysis showed that YBF30 branched either with SIVcpz-gab or between SIVcpz-gab and HIV-1 group M. The structural genes and tat, vpr, and nef of YBF30 are approximately equidistant from those of HIV-1 group M and SIVcpz-gab. In contrast, vif and rev are closer to HIV-1 group M, and vpu is highly divergent. Using a YBF30 V3 loop peptide enzyme immunoassay, we screened 700 HIV-1-positive sera collected in Cameroon; three reacted strongly with the YBF30 peptides and one was confirmed as being related to YBF30 by genetic analysis of a pol fragment. YBF30 is as distinct from SIVcpz-gab as it is from HIV-1 group M and can thus be considered as the prototype strain of a new human immunodeficiency virus group.

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Figure 1: Diversity plotting of YBF30 versus HIV-1LAI, HIV-1ant70, SIV cpz-gab and SIV cpz-ant.
Figure 2: a , YBF30 phylogenetic relationship in the env region (neighbor-joining method); 1740 nucleotide positions spanning gp160 were included in the alignment after gapstripping.
Figure 3
Figure 4: YBF30, YBF31 and YBF105 phylogenetic relationship in the pol integrase region (neighbor-joining method); 138 nucleotide positions were included in the alignment after gapstripping, with a transition/transversion ratio of 2.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank L. Kaptué and E. Mpoudi Ngole (Cameroonian AIDS Control Unit, Ministry of Public Health) for their assistance. We also thank M. Tagni-Sartre, M Milend and JL Bertevas for their clinical assistance and S. Souquière, J. Mfoupouendoun, P. Versmisse and E. Tina-Aboda for their technical assistance. We thank D. Young for help with the manuscript. This work was supported by the French national agency for AIDS research (ANRS). MC. M-T was a recipient of a SIDAction fellowship.

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Simon, F., Mauclère, P., Roques, P. et al. Identification of a new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 distinct from group M and group O. Nat Med 4, 1032–1037 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1038/2017

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