Nature Medicine
4, 23 - 24 (1998)
doi:10.1038/nm0198-023
Chloroquine resistancediscovering the missing link?Andrew P. WatersDepartment of Parasitology, University of Leiden, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands email: WATERS@rullf2.LeidenUniv.nl A candidate gene, cg2, is implicated in resistance to chloroquine in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites, but the mechanism of resistance remains unclear. REFERENCES
- White, N.J. Antimalarial drug resistance: The pace quickens. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 30, 571−585 (1992). | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Su, X., Kirkman, L.A., Fujioka, H. & Wellems, T.E. Complex polymorphisms in an
300 kDa protein are linked to chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum in Southeast Asia and Africa. Cell 91, 593−603 (1997). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Foote, S.J., Thompson, J.K., Cowman, A.F. & Kemp, D.J. Amplification of the multidrug resistance gene in some chloroquine-resistant isolates of P. falciparum. Cell 57, 921−930 (1989). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Cowman, A.F., Galatis, D. & Thompson, J.K. Selection for mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is linked to amplification of the pfmdr1 gene and cross-resistance to halofantrine and quinine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 1143−1147 (1994). | PubMed | ChemPort |
- von Seidlein, L. et al. Polymorphism of the pfmdr1 gene and chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in the Gambia. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 91, 450−453 (1997). | Article | PubMed | ChemPort |
- Wellems, T.E., Walker-Jonah, A. & Panton, L.J. Genetic mapping of the chloroquine-resistance locus on Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 7. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA 88, 3382−3386 (1991). | ChemPort |
- Payne, D., Spread of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol. Today 3, 241−246 (1987). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Sanchez, C.P., Wunsch, S. & Lanzer, M. Identification of a chloroquine importer in Plasmodium falciparum. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 2652−2658 (1997). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Martiney, J.A., Cerami, A. & Slater, A.F. Verapamil reversal of chloroquine resistance in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is specific for resistant parasites and independent of the weak base effect. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 22393−22398 (1995). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Ginsburg, H. & Stein, W.D. Kinetic modelling of chloroquine uptake by malaria-infected erythrocytes. Assessment of the factors that may determine drug resistance. Biochem. Pharmacol. 41, 1463−1470 (1991). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Wu, Y., Kirkman, L.A. & Wellems, T.E. Transformation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites by homologous integration of plasmids that confer resistance to pyrimethamine. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 1130−1134 (1996). | Article | PubMed | ChemPort |
|