Nature Medicine
3, 1085 - 1087 (1997)
doi:10.1038/nm1097-1085
Viral damage and the breakdown of self-toleranceLawrence Steinman1
& Paul Conlon2
1Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5429, USA
2Department of Immunology, Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA Theiler's virus induces breakdown of tolerance to myelin and initiates a multiple sclerosis-like autoimmune disease in mice (pages 1133−1136). REFERENCES
- Miller, S.D. et al. Persistent infection with Theiler's virus leads to CNS autoimmunity via epitope spreading. Nature Med. 3, 1133−1136 (1997). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Fujinami, R. S. & Oldstone, M. B. Amino acid homology between the encephalitogenic site of myelin basic protein and virus: mechanism for autoimmunity. Science 230, 1043−1045 (1985). | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Gautam, A. M. et al. Minimum structural requirements for peptide presentation by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules: Implications in induction of autoimmunity. Proc. Notl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 767−771, 1994. | ChemPort |
- Wucherpfennig, K.W. & Strominger, J.L. Molecular mimicry in T cell-mediated autoimmunity: viral peptides activate human T cell clones specific for myelin basic protein. Cell 80, 695−705 (1995). | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Wucherpfennig, K.W. et al. Recognition of the immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide by autoantibodies and HLA-DR2 restricted T cell clones from multiple sclerosis patients: Identity of key contact residues in the B-cell and T-cell epitopes. J. Clin. Invest., (in the press).
- Brocke, S. et al. Induction of relapsing paralysis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by bacterial superantigen. Nature, 365, 642−644 (1993). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Friedmann, A., Frankel, G., Lorch, Y. & Steinman, L. Monoclonal anti I-A reverses chronic paralysis and demyelination in Theiler's virus infected mice: Critical importance of timing of treatment. J. Virol., 61, 898−903 (1987). | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Miller, S.D. & Gerety, S.J. Immunologic aspects o Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease. Semin. Virol. 1 263−272 (1990).
- Yu, M., Johnson, J. M. & Tuohy, V. K. A predictable sequential determinant spreading cascade invariably accompanies progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A basis for peptide-specific therapy after onset of clinical disease. J. Exp. Med. 183, 1777−1778 (1996). | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Steinman, L. Multiple sclerosis: A coordinated im munological attack against myelin in the centra nervous system. Cell, 85, 299−302 (1996). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
|