Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Commentary and Review
  • Published:

Chemokines and HIV–1 second receptors

Nature Medicine volume 2, pages 1293–1300 (1996)Cite this article

Confluence of two fields generates optimism in AIDS research

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Yoshimura, T.K. & Tanaka, S. Purification of a human monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor that has peptide sequence similarity to other host defense cytokines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 9233–9237 (1987).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Murphy, P.M. The molecular biology of leukocyte chemoattractant receptors. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12, 593–633 (1994).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Nussbaum, O., Broder, C.C. & Berger, E.A. Fusogenic mechanisms of enveloped-virus glycoproteins analyzed by a novel recombinant vaccinia virus-based assay quantitating Cell fusion-dependent reporter gene activation. J. Virol. 68, 5411–5422 (1994).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Litwin, V. et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 membrane fusion mediated by a laboratory-adapted strain and a primary isolate analyzed by resonance energy transfer. J. Virol. 70, 6437–6441 (1996).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Connor, R.I., Chen, B.K., Choe, S. & Landau, N.R. Vpr is required for efficient replication of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 in mononuclear phagocytes. Virology 206, 936–944 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Helseth, E. et al. Rapid complementation assays measuring replicative potential of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein mutants. J. Virol 64, 2416–2420 (1990).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Sullivan, N., Sun, Y., Li, J., Hofmann, W. & Sodroski, J. Replicate function and neutralization sensitivity of envelope glycoproteins from primary and T-cell line-passaged human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates. J. Virol. 69, 4413–4422 (1995).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Cohen, J. Likely HIV cofactor found. Science 272, 809–810 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Walker, C.M., Moody, D.J., Stites, D.P. & Levy, J.A. CD8+ lymphocytes can control HIV infection in vitro by suppressing virus replication. Science 234, 1563–1566 (1986).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Walker, C.M. & Levy, J.A. A diffusable lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes suppresses HIV replication. Immunology 66, 628–630 (1989).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Brinchmann, J.E., Gaudernack, G. & Vartdal, F. CD8+ cells inhibit HIV replication in naturally infected CD4+ cells: Evidence for a soluble inhibitor. J Immunol. 144, 2961–2966 (1990).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Mackewicz, C.E., Ortega, H.W. & Levy, J.A. CD8 Cell anti-HIV activity correlates with the clinical state of the infected individual. J. Clin. Invest 87, 1462–1466 (1991).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Gomez, A.M., Smaill, P.M. & Rosenthal, K.L. Inhibition of HIV replication by CD8+ T cells correlates with CD4 counts and clinical stage of disease. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 97, 68–75 (1994).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Cao, Y., Qin, L., Zhang, L., Safrit, J. & Ho, D.D. Virological and immunological characterization of long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 332, 201–208 (1995).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Powell, D.J. et al. Inhibition of cellular activation of retroviral replication by CD8+ T cell derived from non-human primates. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 91, 473–481 (1993).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Ennen, J. et al. CD8+ T lymphocytes of African Green monkeys secrete an immunodeficiency virus-suppressing lymphokine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 7207–7211 (1994).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Castro, B.A., Walker, C.M., Eichberg, J.W. & Levy, J.A. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus replication by CD8+ cells from infected and uninfected chimpanzees. Cell. Immunol. 132, 246–255 (1991).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Mackewicz, C.E., Ortega, H. & Levy, J.A. Effect of cytokines on HIV replication in CD4+ lymphocytes: Lack of identity with the CD8+ cell antiviral factor. Cell. Immunol. 153, 329–343 (1994).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Brinchmann, J.E., Gaudernack, G. & Vartdal, F. In vitro replication of HIV-1 in naturally infected CD4+ T cells is inhibited by rIFN alpha2 and by a soluble factor secreted by activated CD8+ T cells, but not by rIFN beta, rIFN gamma, or recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 4, 480–488 (1991).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Cocchi, F. et al. Identification of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Science 270, 1811–1815 (1995).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Moriuchi, H., Moriuchi, M. & Fauci, A.S. CD8+ T cell soluble factor (s), but not chemokines RANTES, MIP-1a, and MIP-1b, can suppress HIV-1 replication in the monocyte/macrophage system. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. Abstracts of the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Institute of Human Virology, 9–13 September 1996, Abstr. 18. (1996).

  22. Baier, M., Werner, A., Bannert, N., Metzner, K. & Kurth, R. HIV suppression by interleukin-16. Nature 378, 563 (1995).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Fauci, A.S., Masur, H., Gelmann, E.P., Hahn, B.H. & Lane, H.C. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: An update. Ann. Intern. Med. 102, 800–813 (1985).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Gartner, S. et al. The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection. Science 233, 215–219 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Roos, M.T.L. et al. Viral phenotype and immune response in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J. Infect. Dis. 165, 427–432 (1992).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Schuitemaker, H. et al. Biological phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clones at different stages of infection: Progression of disease is associated with a shift from monocytotropic to T cell-tropic populations. J. Virol 66, 1354–1360 (1992).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Conner, R.I. & Ho, D.D. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with increased replicative capacity develop during the asymptomatic stage before disease progression. J. Virol. 68, 4400–4408 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Tersmette, M. et al. Differential syncytium-inducing capacity of human immunodeficiency virus isolates: Frequent detection of syncytium-inducing isolates in patients with acquired immunodeficiency virus syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. J. Virol 62, 2026–2032 (1988).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Tersmette, M. et al. Evidence for a role of virulent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variants in the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency virus syndrome: Studies on sequential isolates. J Virol 63, 2118–2125 (1989).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Tersmette, M. et al. Association between biological properties of human immunodeficiency virus variants and risk for AIDS and AIDS mortality. Lancet 1, 983–985 (1989).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Dalgleish, A.G. et al The CD4 (T4) antigen is an essential component of the receptor of the AIDS retrovirus. Nature 312, 763–767 (1984).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Klatzmann, D. et al T-lymphocyte T4 molecule behaves as the receptor for human retrovirus LAV. Nature 312, 20–27 (1984).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. McDougal, J.S. et al Binding of HTLV-III/LAV to T4+ T cells by a complex of the 110K viral protein and the T4 molecule. Science 231, 382–385 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Maddon, P.J. et al The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain. Cell 47, 333–348 (1986).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Landau, N.R., Warton, M. & Littman, D.R. The envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus binds to the immunoglobulin-like domain of CD4. Nature 334, 159–162 (1988).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. O'Brien, W.A. etal HIV-1 tropism for mononuclear phagocytes can be determined by regions of gp 120 outside the CD4-binding domain. Nature 348, 69–73 (1990).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Shioda, T., Levy, J.A. & Cheng-Mayer, C. Macrophage and T cell line tropisms of HIV-1 are determined by specific regions of the envelope gp120 gene. Nature 349, 167–169 (1991).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Hwang, S.S. et al Identification of the envelope V3 loop as the primary determinant of cell tropism in HIV-1. Science 253, 71–74 (1991).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Skinner, M.A. et al Neutralizing antibodies to an immunodominant envelope sequence do not prevent gp120 binding to CD4. J. Virol 62, 4195–4200–(1988).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Grimaila, R. et al Mutations in the principal neutralizing determinant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 affect syncytium formation, virus infectivity, growth kinetics, and neutralization. J Virol 66, 1875–1883 (1992).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Broder, C.C., Nussbaum, O., Gutheil, W.G., Bachovchin, W.W. & Berger, E.A. CD26 antigen and HIV fusion. Science 264, 1156–1159 (1994).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Patience, C. et al CD26 antigen and HIV fusion. Science 264, 1159–1160 (1994).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Camerini, D., Planelles, V. & Chen, I.S.Y. CD26 antigen and HIV fusion. Science 264, 1160–1161 (1994).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Alizon, M. & Dragic, T. CD26 antigen and HIV fusion. Science 264, 1161–1162 (1994).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Werner, A. et al. CD26 is not required for infection for the lymphoma cell line C8166 with HIV-1. AIDS 8, 1348–1349 (1994).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. West, W.H.L. & Stott, E.J. Cell surface expression of CD26 does not correlate with susceptibility to immunodeficiency viruses. AIDS 8, 1349–1350 (1994).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Feng, Y., Broder, C.C., Kennedy, P.E. & Berger, E.A. HIV-1 entry cofactor: Functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor. Science 272, 872–877 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Endres, M.J. et al. CD4-independent infection by HIV-2 is mediated by fusin. Cell 87, 745–756 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Federsppiel, B. et al. Molecular cloning of the cDNA and chromosomal localization of the gene for a putative seven-transmembrane segment (7-TMS) receptor isolated from human spleen. Genomics 16, 707–712 (1993).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Jazin, E.E. et al. A proposed bovine neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor cDNA clone, or its human homologue, confers neither NPY binding sites nor NPY responsiveness on transfected cells. Regul. Pept 47, 247–258 (1993).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Loetscher, M. et al. Cloning of a human seven-transmembrane domain receptor, LESTR, that is highly expressed in leukocytes. J. Biol Chem. 269, 232–237 (1994).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Bleul, C.C. et al The lymphocyte chemoattractant SDF-1 is a ligand for LESTR/fusin and blocks HIV-1 entry. Nature 382, 829–832 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Oberlin, E. et al. The CXC chemokine SDF-1 is the ligand for LESTR/fusin and prevents infection by T-cell-line-adapted HIV-1. Nature 382, 833–835 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Bleul, C.C., Fuhlbrigge, R.C., Casanovas, J.M., Aiuti, A. & Springer, T. A highly efficacious lymphocyte chemoattractant, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1). J. Exp. Med. 184, 1101–1109 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Nagasawa, T. et al. Defects of B-cell lymphopoiesis and bone-marrow myelopoiesis in mice lacking the CXC chemokine PBSF/SDF-1. Nature 382, 635–638 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Samson, M., Labbe, O., Mollereau, C., Vassart, G. & Parmentier, M. Molecular cloning and functional expression of a new human CC-chemokine receptor gene. Biochemistry 35, 3362–3367 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Dragic, T. et al. HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CD-CKR-5. Nature 381, 667–673 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Deng, H. et al. Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1. Nature 381, 661–667 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Alkhatib, G. et al. CC CKR5: A RANTES, MIP-lα, MIP-lβ receptor as a fusion cofactor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1. Science 272, 1955–1958 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Doranz, B.J. et al. A dual-tropic primary HIV-1 isolate that uses fusin and the β-chemokine receptors CKR-5, CKR-3, and CKR-2b as fusion cofactors. Cell 85, 1149–1158 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Hyeryun, C. et al. The b-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 facilitate infection by primary HIV-1 isolates. Cell 85, 1135–1148 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Combadiere, C., Ahuja, S.K. & Murphy, P.M. Cloning and functional expression of a human eosinophil CC chemokine receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 16491–16494 (1995). (Correction, J. Biol Chem. 270; 30235).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Berson, J.F. et al. A seven-transmembrane domain receptor involved in fusion and entry of T-cell-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains. J. Virol. 70, 6288–6295 (1996).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Collman, R. et al. An infectious molecular clone of an unusual macrophage-tropic and highly cytopathic strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 66, 7517–7521 (1992).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Lapham, C.K. et al. Evidence for cell-surface association between fusin and the CD4-gpl20 complex in human cell lines. Science 274, 602–605 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Wu, L. et al CD4-induced interaction of primary HIV-1 gp120 glycoproteins with the chemokine receptor CCR5. Nature 384, 179–183 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Trkola, A. et al. CD4-dependent, neutralizing antibody-sensitive interactions between HIV-1 gp120 and the CCR-5 CC-chemokine receptor. Nature 384, 184–187 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Cocchi, F. et al The V3 domain of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein is critical for chemokine-mediated blockade of infection. Nature Med. 2, 1244–1247 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Paxton, W.A. et al. Relative resistance to HIV-1 infection of CD4 lymphocytes from persons who remain uninfected despite multiple high-risk sexual exposures. Nature Med. 2, 412–417 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Liu, R. et al. Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed Individuals to HIV-1 Infection. Cell 86, 367–377 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Samson, M. et al. Resistance to HIV-1 infection in Caucasian individuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene. Nature. 382, 722–725 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Dean, M. et al. Genetic restriction of HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS by a detection allele of the CKR5 structural gene. Science 273, 1856–1862 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Huang, Y. et al. The role of a mutant CCR5 allele in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. Nature Med. 2, 1240–1243 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Rowland-Jones, S. et al. HIV-specific cytotoxic T-cells in HIV-exposed but uninfected Gambian women. Nature Med. 1, 59–64 (1995).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Horuk, R. et al. A receptor for the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax: The ery-throcyte chemokine receptor. Science 261, 1182–1184 (1993).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Munoz, A. et al. Long-term survivors with HIV-1 Infection: Incubation period and longitudinal patterns of CD4+ lymphocytes. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 8, 496–505 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Wild, C., Greenwell, T., Shugars, D., Rimsky-Clarke, L. & Matthews, T. The inhibitory activity of an HIV type 1 peptide correlates with its ability to interact with a leucine zipper structure. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 11, 323–325 (1995).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Arenzana-Seisdedos, F. et al. HIV blocked by chemokine antagonist. Nature 383, 400 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Schmidtmayerova, H., Sherry, B. & Bukrinsky, M. Chemokines and HIV replication. Nature 382, 767 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pathogenesis and Basic Research Branch, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Building 31, 2B09, MSC 2092, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA

    M. Patricia D'Souza

  2. NIH Historical Office and DeWitt Stetten, Jr., Museum of Medical Research, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA

    Victoria Harden

Authors
  1. M. Patricia D'Souza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Victoria Harden
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

D'Souza, M., Harden, V. Chemokines and HIV–1 second receptors. Nat Med 2, 1293–1300 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1296-1293

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1296-1293

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing