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Technical Report
Nature Medicine 13, 218 - 223 (2007)
Published online: 7 January 2007 | doi:10.1038/nm1530
Plasma placental RNA allelic ratio permits noninvasive prenatal chromosomal aneuploidy detection
Y M Dennis Lo1,2,7, Nancy B Y Tsui2,7, Rossa W K Chiu1,2,7, Tze K Lau3, Tse N Leung3, Macy M S Heung2, Ageliki Gerovassili4, Yongjie Jin5, Kypros H Nicolaides4, Charles R Cantor6 & Chunming Ding1,5,7
Abstract
Current methods for prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidies involve the invasive sampling of fetal materials using procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling and constitute a finite risk to the fetus. Here, we outline a strategy for fetal chromosome dosage assessment that can be performed noninvasively through analysis of placental expressed mRNA in maternal plasma. We achieved noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal trisomy 21 by determining the ratio between alleles of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PLAC4 mRNA, which is transcribed from chromosome 21 and expressed by the placenta, in maternal plasma. PLAC4 mRNA in maternal plasma was fetal derived and cleared after delivery. The allelic ratios in maternal plasma correlated with those in the placenta. Fetal trisomy 21 was detected noninvasively in 90% of cases and excluded in 96.5% of controls.
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