Nature Medicine
- 12, 955 - 960 (2006)
Published online: 30 July 2006; | doi:10.1038/nm1451
Memory TH2 cells induce alternatively activated macrophages to mediate protection against nematode parasitesRobert M Anthony1, 2, Joseph F Urban Jr3, Farhang Alem1, Hossein A Hamed1, Cristina T Rozo1, Jean-Luc Boucher4, Nico Van Rooijen5 & William C Gause1, 21
Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, 185 S. Orange Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA. 2
Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA. 3
Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg 307-C CARC-EAST, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. 4
Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8601, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université René Descartes, Paris, France. 5
Vrije Universiteit, VUMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Correspondence should be addressed to William C Gause gausewc@umdnj.edu Although primary and memory responses against bacteria and viruses have been studied extensively, T helper type 2 (TH2) effector mechanisms leading to host protection against helminthic parasites remain elusive1. Examination of the intestinal epithelial submucosa of mice after primary and secondary infections by a natural gastrointestinal parasite revealed a distinct immune-cell infiltrate after challenge, featuring interleukin-4–expressing memory CD4+ T cells that induced IL-4 receptorhi (IL-4Rhi) CD206+ alternatively activated macrophages2. In turn, these alternatively activated macrophages (AAMacs) functioned as important effector cells of the protective memory response contributing to parasite elimination, demonstrating a previously unknown mechanism for host protection against intestinal helminths.
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