Nature Medicine
- 12, 1301 - 1309 (2006)
Published online: 15 October 2006; | doi:10.1038/nm1492
Interleukin-10 determines viral clearance or persistence in vivoDavid G Brooks1, Matthew J Trifilo1, Kurt H Edelmann1, Luc Teyton2, Dorian B McGavern1, 3 & Michael B A Oldstone1, 41
Viral Immunobiology Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience Department, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. 2
Department of Immunology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. 3
The Harold L. Dorris Neurological Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. 4
Department of Infectology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
Correspondence should be addressed to David G Brooks dbrooks@scripps.edu Persistent viral infections are a major health concern. One obstacle inhibiting the clearance of persistent infections is functional inactivation of antiviral T cells. Although such immunosuppression occurs rapidly after infection, the mechanisms that induce the loss of T-cell activity and promote viral persistence are unknown. Herein we document that persistent viral infection in mice results in a significant upregulation of interleukin (IL)-10 by antigen-presenting cells, leading to impaired T-cell responses. Genetic removal of Il10 resulted in the maintenance of robust effector T-cell responses, the rapid elimination of virus and the development of antiviral memory T-cell responses. Therapeutic administration of an antibody that blocks the IL-10 receptor restored T-cell function and eliminated viral infection. Thus, we identify a single molecule that directly induces immunosuppression leading to viral persistence and demonstrate that a therapy to neutralize IL-10 results in T-cell recovery and the prevention of viral persistence.
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