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Article
Nature Medicine  11, 740 - 747 (2005)
Published online: 12 June 2005; | doi:10.1038/nm1261

Smallpox vaccine−induced antibodies are necessary and sufficient for protection against monkeypox virus

Yvette Edghill-Smith1, Hana Golding2, Jody Manischewitz2, Lisa R King2, Dorothy Scott3, Mike Bray4, Aysegul Nalca5, Jay W Hooper6, Chris A Whitehouse6, Joern E Schmitz7, Keith A Reimann7 & Genoveffa Franchini1

1  Animal Models & Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, 41/D804, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

2  Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 29/232, HFM-345, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

3  Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 29/232, HFM-345, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

4  Biodefense Clinical Research Branch, Office of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

5  Southern Research Institute, 431 Aviation Way, Frederick, Maryland 21701, USA.

6  Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, USA.

7  Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, RE-113, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

Correspondence should be addressed to Genoveffa Franchini franchig@mail.nih.gov
Vaccination with live vaccinia virus affords long-lasting protection against variola virus, the agent of smallpox. Its mode of protection in humans, however, has not been clearly defined. Here we report that vaccinia-specific B-cell responses are essential for protection of macaques from monkeypox virus, a variola virus ortholog. Antibody-mediated depletion of B cells, but not CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, abrogated vaccine-induced protection from a lethal intravenous challenge with monkeypox virus. In addition, passive transfer of human vaccinia-neutralizing antibodies protected nonimmunized macaques from severe disease. Thus, vaccines able to induce long-lasting protective antibody responses may constitute realistic alternatives to the currently available smallpox vaccine (Dryvax).

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Nature Medicine
ISSN: 1078-8956
EISSN: 1546-170X
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