Keith S Bahjat and Stephen P Schoenberger are at the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Cellular Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA. sps@liai.org
Intracellular antigens—from viruses, tumors, bacteria and other sources—pose a challenge to the immune response and to vaccine development. How do such antigens enter antigen-presenting cells? Three new studies examine this process, implicating whole proteins instead of small peptides as key intermediaries.
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