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Here the authors present a method they call CM-Drug for the identification of combination drugs that can boost the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. They validate this method with melanoma and lung cancer models in mice and explore in further depth one hit from their screen, the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog taltirelin.
T cell- and antibody-based immunological protection are generally considered to function together, but data now show how T cells conferred by previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or two-dose vaccination can elicit heterologous protection in mice against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection, even in the absence of antibodies.
Granulosomes are novel complexes that feature an unexpected partnership between the tetraspanin CD63 and the inflammasome proteins NLRP3 and ASC. Granulosomes assemble on mast cell granules to propel them along microtubules to the plasma membrane for degranulation.
Abraham and colleagues found that antigen-triggered degranulation in IgE-sensitized mast cells was mediated by the inflammasome components NLRP3 and ASC.
Here the authors use three different mouse models to show that prior infection or mRNA vaccination can protect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) independently of antibodies, highlighting the importance of T cell-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in host defense and the need to consider this measure of protection in vaccination.
Zhang and colleagues found that Omicron RBD binding to Siglec-9 impaired phagocytosis and antigen presentation in macrophages, an effect abrogated by an F375S mutation in the spike protein of Omicron.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with neurological impairment. Here the authors show that exposure of hippocampal neurons to lupus autoantibodies in mice initiates a neuroinflammatory state sustained by continuous HMGB1:RAGE signaling that can be reversed with an ACE inhibitor.
In acknowledgment of Women’s History Month, I have drawn upon timeless concepts from Jane Jacobs’ seminal 1961 book The Death and Life of Great American Cities1 to describe emerging ideas in neuroimmunology and how we may collectively move the field forward.
Drivers of persistent symptoms after acute COVID-19 remain largely unknown. Alterations in immune function, iron homeostasis and dysregulated erythropoiesis are described as treatable correlates of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
Entering a new scientific field is difficult and daunting. Here I relate my personal journey as a fish immunologist and how neuroimmunologists welcomed me with open arms (and brains), giving me the sense of belonging that we all need as scientists.
A landmark study reveals how Kupffer cells, resident macrophages of the liver, can promote antitumor immunity. Central to this function is ID3, a Kupffer cell lineage-determining factor. The findings provide new insights into cancer therapy.