Advance online publication


The latest research papers, published online ahead of print. These online versions are definitive and may be cited using the digital object identifier (DOI).

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Recognition of RNA virus by RIG-I results in activation of CARD9 and inflammasome signaling for interleukin 1beta production

Hendrik Poeck, Michael Bscheider, Olaf Gross, Katrin Finger, Susanne Roth, Manuele Rebsamen, Nicole Hannesschläger, Martin Schlee, Simon Rothenfusser, Winfried Barchet, Hiroki Kato, Shizuo Akira, Satoshi Inoue, Stefan Endres, Christian Peschel, Gunther Hartmann, Veit Hornung & Jürgen Ruland

Published online: 15 November 2009 | doi:10.1038/ni.1824

Production of mature interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) requires Il1b transcription and inflammasome-mediated processing of IL-1beta protein. Ruland and colleagues show that the RNA virus sensor RIG-I signals via the adaptors CARD9 and Asc to facilitate both processes.


Nod1 and Nod2 direct autophagy by recruiting ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane at the site of bacterial entry

Leonardo H Travassos, Leticia A M Carneiro, Mahendrasingh Ramjeet, Seamus Hussey, Yun-Gi Kim, João G Magalhães, Linda Yuan, Fraser Soares, Evelyn Chea, Lionel Le Bourhis, Ivo G Boneca, Abdelmounaaim Allaoui, Nicola L Jones, Gabriel Nuñez, Stephen E Girardin & Dana J Philpott

Published online: 08 November 2009 | doi:10.1038/ni.1823

Autophagy facilitates host defense against invading bacteria. Philpott and colleagues show that Nod1 and Nod2 link pathogen sensing to autophagy by recruiting the autophagy protein AGT16L1 to the site of pathogen entry.


Different modes of ubiquitination of the adaptor TRAF3 selectively activate the expression of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines

Ping-Hui Tseng, Atsushi Matsuzawa, Weizhou Zhang, Takashi Mino, Dario A A Vignali & Michael Karin

Published online: 08 November 2009 | doi:10.1038/ni.1819

TLR4 signals via MyD88 and TRIF to activate proinflammatory cytokine and type I interferon responses. Karin and colleagues show that different ubiquitination of TRAF3 via K48 or K63 dictates the ensuing immune response.


Enteric defensins are essential regulators of intestinal microbial ecology

Nita H Salzman, Kuiechun Hung, Dipica Haribhai, Hiutung Chu, Jenny Karlsson-Sjöberg, Elad Amir, Paul Teggatz, Melissa Barman, Michael Hayward, Daniel Eastwood, Maaike Stoel, Yanjiao Zhou, Erica Sodergren, George M Weinstock, Charles L Bevins, Calvin B Williams & Nicolaas A Bos

Published online: 22 October 2009 | doi:10.1038/ni.1825

Defensins combat pathogenic bacteria invading the mammalian intestine. Salzman and co-workers find that defensins influence the composition of the small intestinal commensal microbiota and the presence of interleukin 17–producing T cells in the lamina propria.


Until print versions of AOP papers are published, they should be cited in the style "Author(s) Nature Immunology advance online publication, day month year (doi:10.1038/niXXXXX)". Once the print version (identical to the AOP) is published, it should be cited as follows: "Author(s) Nature Immunology volume, page (year); advance online publication, (doi:10.1038/niXXXXX)".

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