Assessing the status of human immunology - p569

doi:10.1038/ni0608-569

Although excellent animal model systems are available, more studies of human immunology are needed.

Full Text - Assessing the status of human immunology | PDF (185 KB) - Assessing the status of human immunology

Positive and negative selection in Basel - pp571 - 573

Harald von Boehmer

doi:10.1038/ni0608-571

Harald von Boehmer describes how he used mice transgenic for T cell receptor to identify T cell receptor–dependent cellular selection and lineage commitment as mechanisms responsible for generating an effective and self-tolerant adaptive immune system.

Full Text - Positive and negative selection in Basel | PDF (178 KB) - Positive and negative selection in Basel

The habitual, diverse and surmountable obstacles to human immunology research - pp575 - 580

Adrian C Hayday & Mark Peakman

doi:10.1038/ni0608-575

The need to translate basic research in the field of human immunology may be much more urgent, and the rewards potentially much greater, than is often acknowledged. Yet a commonly perceived coercion to undertake translational research may be unhelpful. Instead, we propose clear incentives for integrating key skill sets, together with achievable cultural adjustments in research and medicine that span training, recruitment and promotion.

Full Text - The habitual, diverse and surmountable obstacles to human immunology research | PDF (429 KB) - The habitual, diverse and surmountable obstacles to human immunology research

IRAK2 takes its place in TLR signaling - pp581 - 582

Etienne Meylan & Jürg Tschopp

doi:10.1038/ni0608-581

Toll-like receptors trigger an innate immune response by activating signaling pathways that are dependent on IRAK kinases. According to Kawagoe et al., the least understood IRAK member, IRAK2, is required for the perpetuation of these signals.

Full Text - IRAK2 takes its place in TLR signaling | PDF (1,359 KB) - IRAK2 takes its place in TLR signaling

See also: Article by Kawagoe et al.

CD3 ITAMs count! - pp583 - 584

Bernard Malissen

doi:10.1038/ni0608-583

The T cell receptor (TCR) is functionally coupled to a constellation of ten immunoreceptor tyrosine–based activation motifs (ITAMs). A new study suggests that this large number of ITAMs is mandatory for preventing autoimmunity.

Full Text - CD3 ITAMs count! | PDF (705 KB) - CD3 ITAMs count!

See also: Article by Holst et al.

Homeostasis of dendritic cell pool in lymphoid organs - pp584 - 586

Cedric Auffray, Yalin Emre & Frederic Geissmann

doi:10.1038/ni0608-584

A new study finds that local homeostatic expansion of conventional dendritic cells in the spleen is regulated by Fms-related tyrosine kinase-3 ligand.

Full Text - Homeostasis of dendritic cell pool in lymphoid organs | PDF (422 KB) - Homeostasis of dendritic cell pool in lymphoid organs

See also: Article by Waskow et al.

Foxos around make B cells tolerable - pp586 - 588

Marta A W Rowh & Craig H Bassing

doi:10.1038/ni0608-586

B cell tolerance is achieved in part through secondary rearrangements that replace ('edit') exons encoding autoreactive antigen-receptor chains. New findings suggest that Foxo transcription factors are critical regulators of receptor editing by activating the transcription of recombination-activating genes.

Full Text - Foxos around make B cells tolerable | PDF (2,043 KB) - Foxos around make B cells tolerable

See also: Article by Amin & Schlissel | Article by Herzog et al.

Differentiation of human T_H-17 cells does require TGF-! - pp588 - 590

Anne O'Garra, Brigitta Stockinger & Marc Veldhoen

doi:10.1038/ni0608-588

Three new studies demonstrate that development of human T_H-17 cells requires transforming growth factor- and one or more proinflammatory cytokines, which are the same requirements as for mouse T_H-17 development.

Full Text - Differentiation of human TH-17 cells does require TGF-! | PDF (366 KB) - Differentiation of human TH-17 cells does require TGF-!

See also: Article by Manel et al. | Article by Volpe et al.

Research Highlights - p591

doi:10.1038/ni0608-591

Full Text - Research Highlights | PDF (87 KB) - Research Highlights

Protein-glycan interactions in the control of innate and adaptive immune responses - pp593 - 601

Yvette van Kooyk & Gabriel A Rabinovich

doi:10.1038/ni.f.203

Abstract - | Full Text - Protein-glycan interactions in the control of innate and adaptive immune responses | PDF (1,263 KB) - Protein-glycan interactions in the control of innate and adaptive immune responses | Supplementary information

Transcription factor Mef2c is required for B cell proliferation and survival after antigen receptor stimulation - pp603 - 612

Peter R Wilker, Masako Kohyama, Michelle M Sandau, Jörn C Albring, Osamu Nakagawa, John J Schwarz & Kenneth M Murphy

doi:10.1038/ni.1609

Abstract - | Full Text - Transcription factor Mef2c is required for B cell proliferation and survival after antigen receptor stimulation | PDF (993 KB) - Transcription factor Mef2c is required for B cell proliferation and survival after antigen receptor stimulation | Supplementary information

Foxo1 directly regulates the transcription of recombination-activating genes during B cell development - pp613 - 622

Rupesh H Amin & Mark S Schlissel

doi:10.1038/ni.1612

Abstract - | Full Text - Foxo1 directly regulates the transcription of recombination-activating genes during B cell development | PDF (376 KB) - Foxo1 directly regulates the transcription of recombination-activating genes during B cell development | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Rowh & Bassing | Article by Herzog et al.

SLP-65 regulates immunoglobulin light chain gene recombination through the PI(3)K-PKB-Foxo pathway - pp623 - 631

Sebastian Herzog, Eva Hug, Sonja Meixlsperger, Ji-Hye Paik, Ronald A DePinho, Michael Reth & Hassan Jumaa

doi:10.1038/ni.1616

Abstract - | Full Text - SLP-65 regulates immunoglobulin light chain gene recombination through the PI(3)K-PKB-Foxo pathway | PDF (685 KB) - SLP-65 regulates immunoglobulin light chain gene recombination through the PI(3)K-PKB-Foxo pathway | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Rowh & Bassing | Article by Amin & Schlissel

A critical function for TGF- signaling in the development of natural CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells - pp632 - 640

Yongzhong Liu, Pin Zhang, Jun Li, Ashok B Kulkarni, Sylvain Perruche & WanJun Chen

doi:10.1038/ni.1607

Abstract - | Full Text - A critical function for TGF- signaling in the development of natural CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells | PDF (550 KB) - A critical function for TGF- signaling in the development of natural CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells | Supplementary information

The differentiation of human T_H-17 cells requires transforming growth factor- and induction of the nuclear receptor RORt - pp641 - 649

Nicolas Manel, Derya Unutmaz & Dan R Littman

doi:10.1038/ni.1610

Abstract - | Full Text - The differentiation of human TH-17 cells requires transforming growth factor- and induction of the nuclear receptor RORt | PDF (775 KB) - The differentiation of human TH-17 cells requires transforming growth factor- and induction of the nuclear receptor RORt | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by O'Garra et al. | Article by Volpe et al.

A critical function for transforming growth factor-, interleukin 23 and proinflammatory cytokines in driving and modulating human T_H-17 responses - pp650 - 657

Elisabetta Volpe, Nicolas Servant, Raphaël Zollinger, Sofia I Bogiatzi, Philippe Hupé, Emmanuel Barillot & Vassili Soumelis

doi:10.1038/ni.1613

Abstract - | Full Text - A critical function for transforming growth factor-, interleukin 23 and proinflammatory cytokines in driving and modulating human TH-17 responses | PDF (450 KB) - A critical function for transforming growth factor-, interleukin 23 and proinflammatory cytokines in driving and modulating human TH-17 responses | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by O'Garra et al. | Article by Manel et al.

Scalable signaling mediated by T cell antigen receptor–CD3 ITAMs ensures effective negative selection and prevents autoimmunity - pp658 - 666

Jeff Holst, Haopeng Wang, Kelly Durick Eder, Creg J Workman, Kelli L Boyd, Zachary Baquet, Harvir Singh, Karen Forbes, Andrzej Chruscinski, Richard Smeyne, Nicolai S C van Oers, Paul J Utz & Dario A A Vignali

doi:10.1038/ni.1611

Abstract - | Full Text - Scalable signaling mediated by T cell antigen receptor–CD3 ITAMs ensures effective negative selection and prevents autoimmunity | PDF (705 KB) - Scalable signaling mediated by T cell antigen receptor–CD3 ITAMs ensures effective negative selection and prevents autoimmunity | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Malissen

Restoration of lymphoid organ integrity through the interaction of lymphoid tissue–inducer cells with stroma of the T cell zone - pp667 - 675

Elke Scandella, Beatrice Bolinger, Evelyn Lattmann, Simone Miller, Stéphanie Favre, Dan R Littman, Daniela Finke, Sanjiv A Luther, Tobias Junt & Burkhard Ludewig

doi:10.1038/ni.1605

Abstract - | Full Text - Restoration of lymphoid organ integrity through the interaction of lymphoid tissue–inducer cells with stroma of the T cell zone | PDF (908 KB) - Restoration of lymphoid organ integrity through the interaction of lymphoid tissue–inducer cells with stroma of the T cell zone | Supplementary information

The receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 is required for dendritic cell development in peripheral lymphoid tissues - pp676 - 683

Claudia Waskow, Kang Liu, Guillaume Darrasse-Jèze, Pierre Guermonprez, Florent Ginhoux, Miriam Merad, Tamara Shengelia, Kaihui Yao & Michel Nussenzweig

doi:10.1038/ni.1615

Abstract - | Full Text - The receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 is required for dendritic cell development in peripheral lymphoid tissues | PDF (767 KB) - The receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 is required for dendritic cell development in peripheral lymphoid tissues | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Auffray et al.

Sequential control of Toll-like receptor–dependent responses by IRAK1 and IRAK2 - pp684 - 691

Tatsukata Kawagoe, Shintaro Sato, Kazufumi Matsushita, Hiroki Kato, Kosuke Matsui, Yutaro Kumagai, Tatsuya Saitoh, Taro Kawai, Osamu Takeuchi & Shizuo Akira

doi:10.1038/ni.1606

Abstract - | Full Text - Sequential control of Toll-like receptor–dependent responses by IRAK1 and IRAK2 | PDF (527 KB) - Sequential control of Toll-like receptor–dependent responses by IRAK1 and IRAK2 | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Meylan & Tschopp

Corrigendum: Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase and nutrient-sensing mTOR pathways control T lymphocyte trafficking - p692

Linda V Sinclair, David Finlay, Carmen Feijoo, Georgina H Cornish, Alex Gray, Ann Ager, Klaus Okkenhaug, Thijs J Hagenbeek, Hergen Spits & Doreen A Cantrell

doi:10.1038/ni0608-692

Full Text - Corrigendum: Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase and nutrient-sensing mTOR pathways control T lymphocyte trafficking | PDF (55 KB) - Corrigendum: Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase and nutrient-sensing mTOR pathways control T lymphocyte trafficking