Pushing the limits - p445

doi:10.1038/ni0508-445

Responding to escalating violence by extremist animal-rights groups, academics are working proactively to prevent the harassment and harm of scientists.

Full Text - Pushing the limits | PDF (124 KB) - Pushing the limits

Autoimmunity and transplantation: a meeting at the crossroads in Berlin - pp447 - 449

Birgit Sawitzki, Petra Reinke, Hans-Dieter Volk, Kathryn Wood & Laurence A Turka

doi:10.1038/ni0508-447

Every 2 years, scientists interested in immunomodulation meet to discuss new opportunities arising from interactions between basic science and clinical 'translation'. This report discusses the 8th International Conference on New Trends in Immunosuppression and Immunotherapy, 2008, in Berlin.

Full Text - Autoimmunity and transplantation: a meeting at the crossroads in Berlin | PDF (378 KB) - Autoimmunity and transplantation: a meeting at the crossroads in Berlin

T cell heterogeneity: firmly fixed, predominantly plastic or merely malleable? - pp450 - 453

John J O'Shea, Christopher A Hunter & Ronald N Germain

doi:10.1038/ni0508-450

This report highlights the lively debate and discussions on lymphocyte plasticity and/or determinism that occurred at the second Ringberg Colloquium in February 2008 in the Bavarian hills near Tegernsee, Germany.

Full Text - T cell heterogeneity: firmly fixed, predominantly plastic or merely malleable? | PDF (355 KB) - T cell heterogeneity: firmly fixed, predominantly plastic or merely malleable?

Moving out: mobilizing activated T cells from lymphoid tissues - pp455 - 457

Gabriel Berstein & Robert T Abraham

doi:10.1038/ni0508-455

The intensity of cytokine-induced signaling by the kinase PI(3)K subunit p110 proves to be an important regulator of T cell migration patterns. High PI(3)K activity functions through the nutrient and bioenergetic sensor mTOR to modulate the transcription factor KLF2 and thereby the repertoire of tissue-homing receptors expressed on effector T cells.

Full Text - Moving out: mobilizing activated T cells from lymphoid tissues | PDF (168 KB) - Moving out: mobilizing activated T cells from lymphoid tissues

See also: Article by Sinclair et al.

CD3: PeRuSing for positive selection - pp457 - 459

Jonathan S Maltzman & Gary A Koretzky

doi:10.1038/ni0508-457

How engagement of surface T cell antigen receptors 'translates' into intracellular signal cascades remains vague. Genetic and biochemical experiments now allow modification of a model linking ligation of these receptors with CD3 and other cytoplasmic signal-transduction 'machinery'.

Full Text - CD3: PeRuSing for positive selection | PDF (201 KB) - CD3: PeRuSing for positive selection

See also: Article by Mingueneau et al.

'Fine tuning' TLR signaling - pp459 - 461

Luke A J O'Neill

doi:10.1038/ni0508-459

Toll-like receptor signaling induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. Inhibition of the kinase IRAK1 by the phosphatase SHP-1 provides reciprocal regulation of these pathways by dampening the former while enhancing the latter.

Full Text - 'Fine tuning' TLR signaling | PDF (254 KB) - 'Fine tuning' TLR signaling

See also: Article by An et al.

Cross-presentation: avoiding trafficking chaos? - pp461 - 463

Sudhir Pai Kasturi & Bali Pulendran

doi:10.1038/ni0508-461

Cross-presentation of antigens is essential for the responses of cytotoxic T cells to tumors and viruses. Two new papers offer insights into the subcellular compartment and types of dendritic cells that mediate cross-presentation.

Full Text - Cross-presentation: avoiding trafficking chaos? | PDF (212 KB) - Cross-presentation: avoiding trafficking chaos?

See also: Article by Di Pucchio et al. | Article by Burgdorf et al.

Research Highlights - p465

doi:10.1038/ni0508-465

Full Text - Research Highlights | PDF (77 KB) - Research Highlights

Focus on Natural Killer Cells

Outside the box - p471

doi:10.1038/ni0508-471

This Focus on natural killer cells aims to highlight what is currently known and what remains to be understood about these important innate immune cells.

Full Text - Outside the box | PDF (141 KB) - Outside the box

Focus on Natural Killer Cells

Natural killer cells: diversity in search of a niche - pp473 - 475

James P Di Santo

doi:10.1038/ni.f.201

Abstract - | Full Text - Natural killer cells: diversity in search of a niche | PDF (326 KB) - Natural killer cells: diversity in search of a niche

Focus on Natural Killer Cells

Natural killer cell recognition of missing self - pp477 - 480

Klas Kärre

doi:10.1038/ni0508-477

The idea that NK cells can distinguish aberrant cells by recognizing 'absence of the expected', rather than 'presence of the unexpected' emerged more than 25 years ago. Klas Kärre recapitulates how the idea took shape, and the first five years of experimental work to test its general predictions.

Full Text - Natural killer cell recognition of missing self | PDF (217 KB) - Natural killer cell recognition of missing self

Focus on Natural Killer Cells

Mistaken notions about natural killer cells - pp481 - 485

Wayne M Yokoyama

doi:10.1038/ni1583

Abstract - | Full Text - Mistaken notions about natural killer cells | PDF (291 KB) - Mistaken notions about natural killer cells

Focus on Natural Killer Cells

Natural killer cell–directed therapies: moving from unexpected results to successful strategies - pp486 - 494

Magali Terme, Evelyn Ullrich, Nicolas F Delahaye, Nathalie Chaput & Laurence Zitvogel

doi:10.1038/ni1580

Abstract - | Full Text - Natural killer cell–directed therapies: moving from unexpected results to successful strategies | PDF (419 KB) - Natural killer cell–directed therapies: moving from unexpected results to successful strategies

Focus on Natural Killer Cells

Up on the tightrope: natural killer cell activation and inhibition - pp495 - 502

Lewis L Lanier

doi:10.1038/ni1581

Abstract - | Full Text - Up on the tightrope: natural killer cell activation and inhibition | PDF (682 KB) - Up on the tightrope: natural killer cell activation and inhibition | Supplementary information

Focus on Natural Killer Cells

Functions of natural killer cells - pp503 - 510

Eric Vivier, Elena Tomasello, Myriam Baratin, Thierry Walzer & Sophie Ugolini

doi:10.1038/ni1582

Abstract - | Full Text - Functions of natural killer cells | PDF (703 KB) - Functions of natural killer cells | Supplementary information

Focus on Natural Killer Cells

Research Highlights - p511

doi:10.1038/ni0508-511

Full Text - Research Highlights | PDF (73 KB) - Research Highlights

Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase and nutrient-sensing mTOR pathways control T lymphocyte trafficking - pp513 - 521

Linda V Sinclair, David Finlay, Carmen Feijoo, Georgina H Cornish, Alex Gray, Ann Ager, Klaus Okkenhaug, Thijs J Hagenbeek, Hergen Spits & Doreen A Cantrell

doi:10.1038/ni.1603

Abstract - | Full Text - Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase and nutrient-sensing mTOR pathways control T lymphocyte trafficking | PDF (413 KB) - Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase and nutrient-sensing mTOR pathways control T lymphocyte trafficking | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Berstein & Abraham

The proline-rich sequence of CD3 controls T cell antigen receptor expression on and signaling potency in preselection CD4⁺CD8⁺ thymocytes - pp522 - 532

Michaël Mingueneau, Amandine Sansoni, Claude Grégoire, Romain Roncagalli, Enrique Aguado, Arthur Weiss, Marie Malissen & Bernard Malissen

doi:10.1038/ni.1608

Abstract - | Full Text - The proline-rich sequence of CD3 controls T cell antigen receptor expression on and signaling potency in preselection CD4+CD8+ thymocytes | PDF (1,076 KB) - The proline-rich sequence of CD3 controls T cell antigen receptor expression on and signaling potency in preselection CD4+CD8+ thymocytes | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Maltzman & Koretzky

Deactivation of the kinase IKK by CUEDC2 through recruitment of the phosphatase PP1 - pp533 - 541

Hui-Yan Li, Hui Liu, Chen-Hui Wang, Ji-Yan Zhang, Jiang-Hong Man, Yan-Fei Gao, Pei-Jing Zhang, Wei-Hua Li, Jie Zhao, Xin Pan, Tao Zhou, Wei-Li Gong, Ai-Ling Li & Xue-Min Zhang

doi:10.1038/ni.1600

Abstract - | Full Text - Deactivation of the kinase IKK by CUEDC2 through recruitment of the phosphatase PP1 | PDF (442 KB) - Deactivation of the kinase IKK by CUEDC2 through recruitment of the phosphatase PP1 | Supplementary information

Phosphatase SHP-1 promotes TLR- and RIG-I-activated production of type I interferon by inhibiting the kinase IRAK1 - pp542 - 550

Huazhang An, Jin Hou, Jun Zhou, Wei Zhao, Hongmei Xu, Yuejuan Zheng, Yizhi Yu, Shuxun Liu & Xuetao Cao

doi:10.1038/ni.1604

Abstract - | Full Text - Phosphatase SHP-1 promotes TLR- and RIG-I-activated production of type I interferon by inhibiting the kinase IRAK1 | PDF (312 KB) - Phosphatase SHP-1 promotes TLR- and RIG-I-activated production of type I interferon by inhibiting the kinase IRAK1 | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by O'Neill

Direct proteasome-independent cross-presentation of viral antigen by plasmacytoid dendritic cells on major histocompatibility complex class I - pp551 - 557

Tiziana Di Pucchio, Bithi Chatterjee, Anna Smed-Sörensen, Sandra Clayton, Adam Palazzo, Monica Montes, Yaming Xue, Ira Mellman, Jacques Banchereau & John E Connolly

doi:10.1038/ni.1602

Abstract - | Full Text - Direct proteasome-independent cross-presentation of viral antigen by plasmacytoid dendritic cells on major histocompatibility complex class I | PDF (587 KB) - Direct proteasome-independent cross-presentation of viral antigen by plasmacytoid dendritic cells on major histocompatibility complex class I | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Kasturi & Pulendran | Article by Burgdorf et al.

Spatial and mechanistic separation of cross-presentation and endogenous antigen presentation - pp558 - 566

Sven Burgdorf, Christian Schölz, Andreas Kautz, Robert Tampé & Christian Kurts

doi:10.1038/ni.1601

Abstract - | Full Text - Spatial and mechanistic separation of cross-presentation and endogenous antigen presentation | PDF (501 KB) - Spatial and mechanistic separation of cross-presentation and endogenous antigen presentation | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Kasturi & Pulendran | Article by Burgdorf et al.

Corrigendum: CD160 inhibits activation of human CD4⁺ T cells through interaction with herpesvirus entry mediator - p567

Guifang Cai, Anukanth Anumanthan, Julia A Brown, Edward A Greenfield, Baogong Zhu & Gordon J Freeman

doi:10.1038/ni0508-567

Full Text - Corrigendum: CD160 inhibits activation of human CD4+ T cells through interaction with herpesvirus entry mediator | PDF (47 KB) - Corrigendum: CD160 inhibits activation of human CD4+ T cells through interaction with herpesvirus entry mediator